Selly Dian Widyasari, S.Psi., M.

Psi
• Help you to learn and remember
• Encourage you to take an active thinking
• Encourage you to do reference reading
• May help you overcome nervousness and fear
of examinations
1. Inductive
Begins with a small fact, building upon that to a major conclusion
2. Deductive
Starts with a major point and gradually defends that point down
the smallest fact
3. Chronological
Organized according to time, often earliest to most recent
4. Spatial
Uses diagrams, maps, or pictures
5. Logical
Follows some sequence of events or steps in an evolutionary
manner
6. Topical
Presents several content with no apparent connection
 For each class you may need a different note
taking system, because the combinations of
factors about you, the lecturers, the classroom
conditions, and the task vary constantly
• Before Class
• During Class
• After Class
• Review yesterday’s notes and edit them
• Think about what may be presented today
• Study today’s lesson, text, or readings
• Survey or preview the next lesson
• Sit where you learn best – where will you be
least distracted?
• When in class, really BE THERE!
• If your mind wanders - bring it back to the class
• Participate in class – ask questions and volunteer
• Do more listening, thinking and less writing if you
understand the material
• Watch for verbal, visual, or postural clues which
indicate main points
• Have a system of taking notes
• Edit your notes as soon as possible – the
sooner you do so, the less you will forget
(we lose up to 80% of information from our
short term memories within 24 hours)
• Edit notes in your first review
• Do short weekly reviews of all of your notes
• Leave space in your notes - this gives your
eyes a break and provides room for later
additions
• Label, number and date all notes!
• Invent and use a lost signals: ???, , ask
• Use abbreviations and graphic symbols
• Use highlighters and different colors of ink to
emphasize key ideas
• The Cornell Method
• The Outline Method
• The Mapping Method
• The Charting Method
• The Sentence Method
• CB (quantum note-taking)
• Rule your paper with a 6 cm margin on the
left, leaving a 15 cm area on the right (ratio
1/3 : 2/3) in which to make notes
• During class, take down information in the 15
cm area
• When the lecturer moves to a new point, skip
a few lines
• After class, complete phrases and sentences
as much as possible.
• For every significant bit of information, write a
cue in the left margin (6 cm area)
• To review, cover your notes with a card,
leaving the cues exposed. Say the cue out
loud, and then say as much as you can
material underneath the card.
• when you have said as much as you can, move
the card and see if what you said matches
what is written. If you can say it, you know it.
 15 cm

6 cm

Note-taking Area
Note-taking Area
Cue-column

5 cm
Summary area
• Advantages
– Organized and systematic for recording and
reviewing notes
– Easy format to pulling out major concept and
ideas
– Simple and efficient
– Saves time and effort
• Disadvantages: -
• When to use: in any lecture situation
• Listening and then write in points in an organized
pattern based on space indention.
• Place major points farthest to the left. Indent
each more specific point to the right.
• Levels of importance will be indicated by distance
away from the major point.
• Indention can be as simple as or as complex as
labeling the indentations with Roman numerals
or decimals.
• Markings are not necessary as space relationships
will indicate the major/minor points.
• Advantages: Well-organized system if done right
• Disadvantages: Requires more thought in class
for accurate organization
• When to Use:
– if the lecture is presented in outline organization
– when there is enough time in the lecture to think
about and make organization decisions when they are
needed
– can be most effective when your note taking skills are
super and sharp and you can handle the outlining
regardless of the note taking situation
• Example

Extrasensory perception
_ Definition: means of perceiving without use of sense
organs.
_three kinds –
_telepathy: sending messages
_clairvoyance: forecasting the future
_psychokinesis: perceiving events external to
situation
_current status –
_no current research to support or refute
_few psychologists say impossible
• uses comprehension/concentration skills
• evolves in a note taking form which relates
each fact or idea to every other fact or idea
• It is a method that maximizes active
participation, affords immediate knowledge as
to its understanding, and emphasizes critical
thinking
• Advantages:
– helps you to visually track your lecture regardless
of conditions
– Little thinking is needed and relationships can
easily be seen
– easy to edit your notes by adding numbers, marks,
and color coding
– Review will call for you to restructure thought
processes which will force you to check
understanding
• Disadvantages:
– You may not find changes in content from major
points to facts
• When to use:
– when the lecture content is heavy and well-
organized
– when you have a guest lecturer and have no idea
how the lecture is going to be presented
• If the lecture format is distinct (such as
chronological), you may set up your paper by
drawing columns and labeling appropriate
headings in a table
• Determine the categories to be covered in
lecture
• As you listen to the lecture, record
information (words, phrases, main ideas, etc.)
into the appropriate category
 THE CHARTING METHOD
• Advantages
– Reduces amount of writing necessary
– Provides easy review mechanism for both
memorization of facts and study of comparisons and
relationships
• Disadvantages
– Few disadvantages except learning how to use the
system and locating the appropriate categories
• When to use
– Test will focus on both facts and relationships
– Content is heavy and presented fast
– You want to get an overview of the whole course on
one big paper sequence
THE CHARTING METHOD
• Write every new thought, fact or topic on a
separate line, numbering as you progress
• Advantages:
– Slightly more organized than the paragraph
– Gets more or all of the information
• Disadvantages:
– Can’t determine major/minor points from the
numbered sequence
– Difficult to edit without having to rewrite by clustering
points which are related
– Difficult to review unless editing cleans up
relationship
 THE SENTENCE METHOD
• When to use:
– Use when the lecture is somewhat organized, but
heavy with content which comes fast
– You can hear the different points, but you don’t
know how they fit together
 THE SENTENCE METHOD
• Example
Melville did not try to represent life as it really was.
The language of Ahab, Starbuck, and Ishmael, for
instance, was not that of real life.

Sample Notes – Mel didn’t repr. life as was;

e.g. lang. Of Ahab, etc. no of real life.
 CB
• Membuat Catatan
• Melibatkan pemikiran, asosiasi dan emosi saat
mencatat
• Cenderung bersifat personal
• Saat me-recall lebih mudah
 CB
• Kertas catatan dibagi menjadi dua
• 1 bagian besar untuk mencatat poin-poin
penting dan fakta saat perkuliahan
• 1 bagian kecil untuk pemikiran atau emosi
saat kegiatan mencatat berlangsung