1.

Write a Concept Note in about 50 words on

What is Research

2. Write 3 possible Project Building Typologies that

you would like to take up as your Thesis Project
in Semester X

Submission Date: June 11, 2018

 Scale of Perception Levels

I Don’t Know What I Know

I Know What I Know
I Know What I Don’t Know
I Don’t Know What I Don’t Know
 Scale of Perception Levels

I Don’t Know What I Know 1x10−12

I Know What I Know 1x10−10
I Know What I Don’t Know 1x1012
I Don’t Know What I Don’t Know 1x10∞
 Surge in Quantum of Knowledge

I Don’t Know What I Know 1x10−10

I Know What I Know 1x10−9

I Know What I Don’t Know 1x1014

I Don’t Know What I Don’t Know 1x10∞

Pace of Knowing What I Don’t Know doesn’t keep up with Pace at which incremental
changes happening in the realm of Unknown on one hand and Pace at which what
knowledge is obsolete and Lost due human limitation.
Research - numerous meanings

Common Parlance
Finding a piece of information or making notes - documented paper

The act of informing oneself about what one does not know – rummaging

Discovery of a revolutionary product – product’s sales appeal

More appropriate for the so called Research is

• Information gathering
• Library skills
• Documentation
• Self-enlightenment
• An attention-getting sales pitch
The word Research has a certain mystique about it.

Exclusive and Isolated from everyday life.

Researchers are sometimes regarded as aloof individuals who seclude themselves in

Laboratories, scholarly libraries, the ivory towers of large universities.

What Research is NOT

1. Research is not mere information gathering. – Information discovery

2. Research is not mere transportation of facts from one location to another. – Fact
transcription, fact organization, or fact summarization
3. Research is not merely rummaging for information. – Exercise in self-enlightenment
4. Research is not a catchword used to get attention. – Sales Pitch
Research typically has eight distinct features:

1. Research originates with a question or problem.

2. Research requires clear articulation of a goal.
3. Research requires a specific plan for proceeding.
4. Research usually divides the principal problem into more manageable sub-problems.
5. Research is guided by the specific research problem, question, or hypothesis.
6. Research accepts certain critical assumptions.
7. Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in an attempt to resolve the
problem that initiated the research.
8. Research is, by its nature, cyclical or, more exactly, helical.
Research has 5 key Characteristics

1. Systematic – Research Process

2. Logical – Induction / Deduction / Abduction
3. Empirical – Evidence based
4. Reductive – Generalization
5. Replicable – Methodology
Good Research is systematic: It means that research is structured with specified steps to
be taken in a specified sequence in accordance with the well defined set of rules.
Good Research is logical: It means that research is guided by the rules of logical reasoning
an the logical process of induction, deduction and / or abduction are of great value in
carrying out research.
Good Research is Empirical: It implies that research is related basically to one or more
aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete data which provide a basis for external
validity to research results
Good Research is Reductive: This characteristic makes research to be generic in nature
within all the similar context of variables.
Good Research is Replicable: This characteristic allows research results to be verified by
replicating the study and thereby building the basis for decision.
Definitions – Research

Research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.

Dictionary – It is a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in
any branch of knowledge.

Research is an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its
advancement.
Definitions – Research

It is pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison, experimentation and
interpretation of the evidences.

Conducting an inquiry into an issue of concern in the area of interest with unbiased
diagnostic perception through inter-disciplinary interpretations in order to stimulate
further inquiry with the aim of adding to expanding body of knowledge.
Definitions – Research
“a careful critical inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles diligent
investigation in order to ascertain something”.

It is a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any
branch of knowledge

which include a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.

Aims to:

Discover new facts or verify and test old facts.

Analyze their sequences, interrelationships and causal explanations.

Develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories which would facilitate reliable
and valid study of human Behaviour.
Typical Steps in an Academic Research

a. A questioning mind observes a particular situation and asks, Why? What caused that? How
come? (This is the subjective origin of research.)
b. One question becomes formally stated as a problem. (This is the apparent beginning of
research).
c. The problem is divided into several simpler, more specific sub-problems.
d. Literature study provides the Research carried out so far and confirms the problem as a gap

in the research as a Question that is not answered by existing body of research.

e. Preliminary data are gathered that appear to bear on the problem.
f. The data seem to point to a tentative solution of the problem. A guess is made; a
hypothesis or guiding question is formed.
Typical Steps in a Research (Contd)

g. Data are collected more systematically.

h. The body of data is processed and interpreted.
i. A discovery is made; a conclusion is reached.
j. The tentative hypothesis is either supported by the data or is not supported; the question
is either answered (partially or completely) or not answered.
k. New directions for Research are opened through discussions.
l. The cycle is complete.
m. Research begets more research.
Architectural Research
The Disciplinary
The Professional
7 Themes
• Social research (which studies the use of architectural spaces and habitat)
• Cultural research (studying the settlements and the habitat standards in time)
• Environmental research (investigating the physical context of the architecture)
• Technological research (which studies the physical materials, methods, systems and Processes
of construction and design)
• Organizational research (studying the collaboration in architectural practice and in
organizations of agents and groups)
• Educational research (studies pedagogies)
• The design research (studying the processes of design, of formalization and of space creation).
Architectural Research

Four areas of knowledge, namely

• The leadership (management)
• The practice
• The design
• The performance.
Relationship Between Design and Research
Design is what it should be – Vision Statement

Research is what it is or was – Fact Statement

 Every Good Architectural Design is essentially
based on certain concepts, principles where design
process may not be considered as Research
if it is not based on a systematic inquiry.

Every Good Design Provides matter for research

Every Good Research provides stimulants

towards appropriate Design Intent
Architects are social scientists with a strong design focus
They have to become master in Architecture/Urban design, planning, Landscape and
(some elements of) sociology, psychology , Engineering, Environment, Ecology Etc.

Research is required to construct or support their own approach towards architectural design.
Creation of Built environment needs research to make it useful and worthwhile

Research in the themes of identity, memory, place and place-making

How buildings/Spaces can be interpreted as spatial representations of the

values and self-image of their occupants

Understand a culture through the Architectural characteristics

4th Year B. Arch – Semester VII and VIII
SPPU
Research in Architecture (Sessional)

Objectives from the University Syllabus.

• Introduce Research in Architecture and its value in Design.
• The process of conducting Systematic Research in the Subject of Choice.
• Acquaintance to Research Methodologies and applying in conducting the Research.
• Making a Research Proposal.
• Undertake research focused on an issue related to built environment.
• Report Research in Technical manner.
• Extend findings of Research in the Design at Thesis in Fifth year.
• Impart the Students an Initial Training to prepare them for advanced Research in future.
ASPECTS OF CONCERNS AND SENSITIVITES – STUDIO WORK

PEOPLE CENTRIC PROFICIENCY CENTRIC LOCATION CENTRIC

(EMOTIVE) (EXPERTISE) (SPATIAL MILIEU)

Sensory Perception Core Domain Zones

Comfort Perception Urbanism Climatic Zones

Collective Humanities Terrain Zones

Settlement Zones
Specific

Architectural Education

Student may choose one aspect or multiple aspects from the concerns and sensitivities matrix
either vertically or across the columns above to refine the research enquiry appropriate for
building typologies
SUGGESTED DEMONSTRATION PROJECT / BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

URBAN / RURAL RENEWAL SPORTS / RECREATIONAL INDUSTRIAL

HOUSING HOSPITALITY & TOURISM OTHER

TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION

EDUCATION INSTITUTE COMMUNITY FACILITIES

CULTURAL SPECIAL FACILITIES

REPORTING & REFERENCING
• Argue • Note
• Assert • Object
• Assume • Observe
• Challenge • Persuade
• Claim
• Propose
• Contend
• Contradict • Prove
• Describe • Purport
• Dispute • Recommend
• Emphasize • Refute
• Establish • Reject
• Examine • Remark
• Find • Suggest
• Maintain • Support
What is referencing?
Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that
you have used in your assignments and which allows the sources to be identified.

Why reference?
Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to
follow up what you have written and more fully understand the cited author’s work.

Steps in referencing
• Record the full bibliographic details and relevant page numbers of the source from which
information is taken.
• Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document.
• Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your document.
In-text citations

• In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the name of the

author(s) and the year of publication.

• A page number is included if you have a direct quote, paraphrase a passage

or you want to direct the reader to a specific page or idea. Page numbers may
also be included if the you are referring to a long work and the page numbers
might be useful to the reader.

(Rand, 1943) OR Rand (1943, p. 353)

How to create a reference list/bibliography
• A reference list includes just the books, articles, and web pages etc that are cited in the text
of the document. A bibliography includes all sources consulted for background or further
reading.

• A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If an item has no author, it is cited by

title, and included in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of the title.

• If you have more than one item with the same author, list the items chronologically, starting
with the earliest publication.

• Each reference appears on a new line.

• Each item in the reference list is required to have a hanging indent.

• References should not be numbered.

Books
Author(s) of book – family name and initials, Year of publication, Title of book –
italicized, Place of publication: Publisher.
Rand A (1943), The Fountainhead, London, Signet.

Chapter in Books
Author(s) of chapter – family name and initials, Year of publication, ‘Title of
chapter – in single quotation marks’, in Editor(s) of book (eds), Title of book –
italicized, Edition, Publisher, Place of publication, Page numbers.

Dictionary or Encyclopedia
Author(s) of work – family name and initials Year of publication, ‘Title of work –
in single quotation marks’, in Editor(s) of book (eds), Title of book – italicized,
Edition, Publisher, Place of publication, Page numbers
Journal Articles
Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, Year of publication, ‘Title of journal
article – in single quotation marks’, Title of journal – italicized, Volume, Issue or number, Page
number(s).
Banerjee, T. (2001), 'The Future of Public Space Beyond inventing Street and reinvented
Places', APT Journal 76(1), 9-24

Conference papers
Author(s) of paper – family name and initials, Year of publication, ‘Title of paper – in single
quotation marks’, Title of published proceeding which may include place held and date(s) –
italicized, Publisher, Place of Publication, Page number(s), (viewed date-in-full, web address –
if accessed electronically).

Newspaper and magazine articles

Author(s) of article – family name and initials, Year of publication, ‘Title of article – in single
quotation marks’, Title of newspaper – italicized, Day month, Page number(s).
Government Publications
Author(s) of report – (person or organization) Year of Publication, Title of report
- italicized, Publisher, Place of publication, (viewed date-in-full, web address - if
accessed electronically).

Thesis
Author of thesis – family name and initials, Year of preparation of thesis, ‘Title
of thesis – in single quotation marks’, Award, Institution issuing degree,
Location of institution.

Webpages
Author(s) of page – (person or organization) Year (page created or revised),
Title of page - italicized, viewed date-in-full, web address.
Other Internet Sources
Author. (Year). Title, [Type of media]. Date Accessed, Year Accessed Web
address

Brochures
Author. (Year). Title of brochure. [Brochure]. Place: Use author as publisher.

Lecture Notes
Name of author(s) or the institution responsible Year of publication, Title and
subtitle of publication – italicized, Name of institution, Location of institution.
Video or DVD
Title of video or DVD – italicised Year of publication, Format, Publisher, Place of
recording.
Television programs
Writer, Title of the program, Year of the program, Medium, Place of broadcast,
Who broadcast the program

Indirect citation
An indirect citation is when the ideas of one author are published in another
author’s text; however you have not read or accessed the original author’s
work. In the list of References provide the details of the author of the work you
have read.

Albert Levy quotes the reference to Friedmann and Miller’s criticism to the
new form of suburb ……… (Levy A 1999)

…………….Friedmann and Miller’s findings on forms of suburban settlement

……… (Levy A 1999)
Studio PPT
All the matter presented here either directly or otherwise, with or without
faculty names.

Internet
Google, pinrest etc.

Order
Order of referencing other than as specified in APA format. Names, year, Case
or Itallics etc.
Compiled by
Prof. Ravi Patwardhan
Write a Short Summary Document in about
1000 words with appropriate format of
referencing on

What is Research
Submission Date: June 18, 2018