SET OPERATION

&
VENN DIAGRAM
Prepared by: Niña Mae B. Rodriguez
 SET OPERATIONS
• UNION
• INTERSECTION
• DISJOINT SETS
• DIFFERENCE
• SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE
• COMPLEMENT
 WHAT IS UNION
The union of two or more sets is the set that
contains all the elements of each of the sets;
an element is in the union if it belongs to at
least one of the sets.
The symbol for union is ∪, - “or”
 UNION
• In symbols, since the union of A and B contains
all the points that are in A and B or both, the
definition of the union is:

𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵
 EXAMPLE
• A= 1,2,3,7,8,10,11
• B = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 5
• B = 1,2,3,4

𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 1,2,3,4,7,8,10,11
A B
VENN DIAGRAM FOR
UNION OF TWO SETS
A B
VENN DIAGRAM FOR
UNION OF THREE SETS

C
 PROPERTIES OF THE UNION
OPERATION
•A U  = A Identity law
•A U U = U Domination law
•A U A = A Idempotent law
•A U B = B U A Commutative law
• A U (B U C) = (A U B) U C Associative law
• A U (B ∩ C) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶) Distributive law
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
 WHAT IS INTERSECTION
The intersection of two or more sets is the
elements that are common to each of the sets.
An element is in the intersection if it belongs to
all of the sets.
 The symbol for intersection is ∩, - “and”
 INTERSECTION
• In symbols, since the intersection of A and B contains
all the points that are common in A and B, the
definition of the intersection is:

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵
 EXAMPLE
• A= 1,2,3,7,8,10,11
• B = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 5
• B = 1,2,3,4

𝐴∩𝐵 = 1,2,3
 PROPERTIES OF THE INTERSECTION
OPERATION
•A ∩ U = A Identity law
•A ∩  =  Domination law
•A ∩ A = A Idempotent law
•A ∩ B = B ∩ A Commutative law
• A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∩ B) ∩ C Associative law
A B
VENN DIAGRAM FOR
INTERSECTION OF
TWO SETS
A B
 WHAT IS MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENT

An events is said to be mutually exclusive if

they have no outcomes in common.

These are also called disjoint events.

Example:
A = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
B= 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
 WHAT IS NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
EVENT
An events is said to be not mutually exclusive
if they have outcomes in common.

These are also called not disjoint events.

 DIFFERENCE
• A difference of two sets is the elements in one set
that are NOT in the other.
• Difference symbol is a minus sign.
A–B; B–A
A - B = { x | x  A and x  B }
A-B=A∩B
 EXAMPLE
• A= 1,2,3,7,8,10,11
• B = 𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 5
• B = 1,2,3,4

𝐴 − 𝐵 = 7,8,10,11
B–A= 4
 VENN DIAGRAM FOR
DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS
 SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE
• A symmetric difference of the sets contains all the
elements in either set but NOT both
• Symmetric symbol is a 

A  B = { x | (x  A or x  B) and x  A ∩ B}
A  B = (A U B) – (A ∩ B)
 COMPLEMENT
• A complement of a set is all the elements that
are NOT in the set
• Complement symbol is a bar above the set.
A ; A’
• Or U – A, where U is the universal set
COMPLEMENT
 PROPERTIES OF COMPLEMENT SETS

•A = A Complementation law
•A U A = U Complement law
•A ∩ A =  Complement law
 U

Given the Venn diagram above, determine the elements of:

a. (A ∩ B) ∪ C = 1,2,3,4,6,9,11,12,14,15
b. (B ∪ C) ∩ A = 1,2,3,4,6,9
c. B’= 2,5,6,7,8,10,11,12
 U
Given the Venn diagram above, determine the elements of:
d. A - C= 4,10 g. C – A = 11,12,14,15
e. B  C= 2,4,6,11,12,13
f. A’- C = 5,7,8,13
 Sets
In each of the Venn diagrams below, describe the shaded area.
E E E
(a) (b)
A B (c) A B
A B

(A  B) E (A  B) E B’ E
(d) (e)
A B A (f) A

B B
C
(A  B  C) B A’ or (A  B)’
E E E
(g) A (h) A B (i) A B

B
C C
B’ (A  B’  C’) (A  B  C’)