PRECISION AGRICULTURE

USING LoRa

Presented by:
Arieb Ashraf Sofi
USN:1MS19LDC07
M.Tech DCE

Under the Guidance of:

Dr Shobha K.R
Contents:
• INTRODUCTION
• LITERATURE SURVEY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• OBJECTIVES
• METHODOLOGY
• LoRaWAN
• IMPLEMENTATION ALGORITHM
• RESULTS
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
• REFERENCES
Introduction:
• Agriculture is the most important sector of Indian economy which plays a
decisive role in socio-economic development of the country.
• Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18% of India’s gross domestic
production (GDP) and provides employment to 50% of countries workforce.
• The age-old methods of growing crops won’t help in increasing the agrarian
output as population continues to rise .
• Precision agriculture uses detailed, site-specific information to manage
production inputs like water, fertilizers and pesticides.
 Introduction Continued...
• There are number of elements which are essential to plant life and they must be
provided in certain proportion and rate to obtain a healthy crop.
• NPK are the major nutrients required for crop growth .
• Use sensors for real time monitoring of NPK content in agricultural field for
better crop growth.
• The real time monitoring of the agricultural field can be done with modern
techniques using sensing and cloud applications which helps in the improvement
of crop productivity .
• In this case study they have used LoRa and cloud computing for agricultural
modernisation to solve the issues related farming.
Literature Survey:
[1] Shihao Tang, Qijiang Zhu, Xiaodong Zhou, Shaomin Liu, Menxin Wu, “A Conception
of Digital Agriculture”, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Symposium, 2002 :
• Digital Agriculture is featured by digitization of agricultural activity .
• builds integrated agricultural system that combines data collection, data
transmission, data processing and digital control machinery .

[2] M.K.Gayatri, J.Jayasakthi, Dr.G.S.Anandha Mala, “Providing Smart Agricultural

Solutions to Farmers for better yielding using IoT”, IEEE International Conference on
Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development, 2015
• Uses 3G,4G,WIFI network and cloud computing.
• This paper proposed a model outline of how the IoT concept can be illustrated
with respect to our Agricultural practices.
• type of sensors that will be required for our Agricultural purpose .
• types of communication that we have for near and far nodes communication
 Literature Survey ........
[3] Kaewmard, Nattapol, Saiyod, Saiyan ,”Sensor data collection and irrigation control
on vegetable crop using smart phone and wireless sensor networks for smart
farm”, IEEE Conference on Wireless sensors (ICWiSE), Pg.no. 106 – 112, 2014:
• In this paper multi model data collection and hardware setup system is proposed
which collects multiple environmental data such as macro-nutrient (NPK), pH
value and moisture level of the soil with the help of wireless sensor motes.
• Uses sensors and ATMega 128L controller.

[4] T. Sujithra, S. Durai and M. Thanjaivadivel ,”Measuring macronutrients of the soil

for smart agriculture in coconut cultivation “, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology , 2017,Pg.no.768-778.
• The tool is designed for coconut tree which composes of hardware unit and energy
efficient data forwarding mechanism.
• Hardware unit is used to measure the availability of the macro nutrients, pH and
moisture level in the soil.
• Energy efficient data forwarding mechanism is used to route the information to
the data collection centre.
Literature Survey.....
[5] Alireza Zourmand,Andrew Lai Kun,ChanWai Hung ,Mohammed Abdul
Rehman,”Internet of things(IOT)using LoRa technology”,IEEE International
Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems,2019
• In this paper, the performance and coverage result of the LoRa indoor and outdoor
deployment is presented using a selected combination of Spreading Factor and
Bandwidth setting.
• the environment of the deployment of the LoRa network does affect the signal
quality .
• Higher Spreading Factor and lower Bandwidth setting allow a longer range of
communication and higher noise immunity.
Problem Statement:

• To measure minerals present in agricultural land such as

nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium as well as humidity,
soil moisture and temperature using sensors, LoRa and Cloud

technology.
Objectives:
To increase crop production by knowing:

• Quantity of fertilizer needed.

• The nutrients required to be applied at required time.

Methodology:
System Design:

DHT11 sensor
LG01:open source single channel LoRa gateway.
Bridges LoRa wireless network to an IP network using WIFI
 LoRa and LoRaWAN:
LoRa(low range):is a low power wireless platform and is based on chirp spread spectrum
technique
•It is standard for wireless comm.that allows IOT devices to communicate over large dist.
with minimal battery use.
•Uses un-licensed ISM band below 1000MHz.
•In India the frequency band for LoRa technology is 865MHz -867MHz
•Offers long range ,low power and secure data transmission.

•Since LoRa defines the lower physical layer, LoRaWAN is one of several protocols that
were developed to define the upper layers of the network.
•LoRaWAN is a cloud based medium access control (MAC) layer protocol but acts mainly
as a network layer protocol for managing communication between LPWAN gateways and
end-node devices as a routing protocol
 Why LoRaWAN:
Sigfox LoRaWAN NB-IOT

Range 10km (urban) 5km (urban) 1km (urban)

40km (rural) 20km (rural) 10km (rural)
Frequency Unlicensed ISM Unlicensed ISM Licensed

Modulation BPSK CSS QPSK

Allow private n/w No Yes No

Bandwidth 100Hz 250Hz & 125Hz 200Hz

Bidirectional Half-duplex Half-duplex Half-duplex

Max messages/day 140 Unlimited Unlimited

Authentication & Not supported AES(128) LTE encryption

Encryption
Algorithm:

Fig: Flowchart of client

Algorithm...

Fig: Flowchart of gateway

Algorithm...

Fig:Flowchart of the gateway for multiple nodes

Results:

Fig: Data obtained from sensors connected to node ID:111 Fig:Data obtained on mobile widget for node ID: 111
Fig.:Data obtained from sensors connected to node ID:112 Fig: Data obtained on mobile widget for node ID: 112
Conclusion &Future Scope :
• Conclusion :This work provides a solution to increase
the yield of crop by monitoring amount of
NPK,moisture ,tempt.&humidity.
• Future Scope :Drones can be used to cover larger
geographical area and collect data from substantial
number of nodes and upload it to cloud for remote
sensing.
References:
[1] Sushmita Tapashetti,Dr Shobha K.R,”Precision Agriculture using LoRa”,International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering Research,2018
[2] Shihao Tang, Qijiang Zhu, Xiaodong Zhou, Shaomin Liu, Menxin Wu, “A Conception of Digital
Agriculture”, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2002.
[3] M.K.Gayatri, J.Jayasakthi, Dr.G.S.Anandha Mala, “Providing Smart Agricultural Solutions to
Farmers for better yielding using IoT”, IEEE International Conference on Technological
Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development, 2015.
[4] T. Sujithra, S. Durai and M. Thanjaivadivel ,”Measuring macronutrients of the soil for smart
agriculture in coconut cultivation “, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology ,
2017,Pg.no.768-778.
[5] Kaewmard, Nattapol, Saiyod, Saiyan ,”Sensor data collection and irrigation control on
vegetable crop using smart phone and wireless sensor networks for smart farm”, IEEE
Conference on Wireless sensors (ICWiSE), Pg.no. 106 – 112, 2014.
[6] Alireza Zourmand,Andrew Lai Kun,ChanWai Hung ,Mohammed Abdul Rehman,”Internet of
things(IOT)using LoRa technology”,IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and
Intelligent Systems,2019
References ...
[7] Angel, G.Brindha, ―Real-time monitoring of GPS-tracking multifunctional vehicle path control
and data acquisition based on ZigBee multi-hop mesh network‖ International Conference on
Recent Advancements in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering (ICONRAEeCE), 2011.
[8] Gerard Rudolph Mendez, Mohd Amri Md Yunus and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, ― A
WiFi based Smart Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring an Agricultural Environment‖,IEEE
conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology 2012.
[9] Chetan Dwarkani M., Ganesh Ram R., Jagannathan S., R. Priyatharshini, ―Smart Farming
System Using Sensors for Agricultural Task Automation‖ IEEE International Conference on
Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development, 2015.
[10] India in Business Investment and Technology Promotion Division, Ministry of External Affairs,
Govt. of India, 2015.
Thank You