A MINOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON

‘SEISMIC RESPONSE OF SKEW BRIDGES’

KAMLA NEHRU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SULTANPUR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SESSION 2019-20
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF-
Dr. PRAVEEN KUMAR GUPTA
SIGN ( )
ASST. PROFFESOR CIVIL ENGG. DEPARTMENT
SUBMITTED BY-
ABHISHEK SINGH (16103) AMIT YADAV(16109)
PRANAV RAHUL(16132) RANDEEP VERMA(16136)
DIVYA UPADHYAY(178103)
Contents

 Introduction
 Objective
 Literature review
 Methodology
 Plan
INTRODUCTION
 A skew bridge is one whose longitudinal axis form an acute angle
with an abutment.
 In order to meet the requirement of high speed and strength safety
measures of highway traffic as well as to reduce the Initial
investment in the long curved approach roads, it has become a
necessity to minimize the number of horizontal curves in the modern
highway alignments. This requires the construction of skew bridges at
all such locations where crossings are not orthogonal.
 In hilly regions, skew slab bridges are very common as road
alignment could not be changed due to topographic conditions.
INTRODUCTION…
 It exhibit unique seismic response that is triggered by oblique impact.
Skew bridges often rotate in the horizontal plane, thus tending to
drop off from the support at acute corners.
 In India the present trend is towards the provision of skew bridges in
order to optimize the functional requirements as well as to minimize
the cost of project.
 The skew is defined as the angle between the free (longitudinal)
edge and perpendicular to the abutment.
INTRODUCTIONS…
 the effects of skew become significant at lower skew angles in
integrated bridges and continuous decks, particularly in regions of
intermediate supports.
 In North America about 40 percent of the total bridge deck area is
on skew alignment and about 10 percent of the total area is on
heavy skews ranging between 40° to 70.
 The IRC guidelines (MOST) are available for design of skew slabs of
two lane bridges only and for skew angles of 15°, 22.5° and 30°
degrees.
Design of skew bridge
Load paths in torsion stiff skew
bridge
Orthogonal effect in Seismic
analysis
Influence of skew angle on
reinforced concrete slab bridge
Bradenham road bridge,
Buckhinghamshire
Hereford skew bridge, Ledbury
The bridge of frenchmen
Swin bridge, North East England
Yalesville underpass, Conneticut
Boxmoor Skew Bridge, London
OBJECTIVE

 To develop FEM models using software package ‘SAP2000’ for analysis

of skew slab bridges for various seismic movements.
 LITERATURE REVIEW-
S.N. YEAR AUTHOR NAME OBSERVATIONS
1. 18/09/2017 Raj KK and Phani The authors observed that it is verified that the finite element analysis
RG can accurately predict the load deformation similar to the
experiment. The maximum deviation of the inclined slabs decreases
with the increase of the inclination angle. Up to the angle of
inclination 15° the behavior of the slanted slab is almost similar to the
rectangular slab.

2 10/10/2016 Anagha According to the authors the shear force in the knife edge loading
Manoharan and condition is increasing gradually and the increment is nearly 30%.
Glynez Joseph The bending moments in the concentrated load condition and knife
edge load condition are decreased up to 65% and 75% respectively
as the skew angle increases to 60. The increment of torsional
moments are of 60% in both the conditions. Most effective skew
angle is 20° skew angle, the increment of torsional moment is larger
and so that the failure of bridge will be greater compared to the
other skew angles.
 LITERATURE REVIEW…
S.N YEAR AUTHOR NAME OBSERVATIONS

3. 04/2015 Vaibhav The authors observed that due to skewness, the bridge does not only
Kothari, produce response in the direction of applied force but also gives response
Pranesh Murnal along the other direction resulting into increase in skew angle. Effect of
torsion cannot be neglected along with other internal forces as
the skew angle increases.A simply supported bridge model
subjected two earthquake ground motions for a particular
ground condition are considered in the analysis.

4. 03/04/2 S.P. Deepu, As the skew angle increases from normal bridge, the seismic failure
014 Kanta vulnerability increases, with the 30°, 45° and 60° skew bridges being more
Prajapat, Samit vulnerable than the normal and 15° skew bridges. The effect of
Ray-Chaudhuri directionality on the median value of moderate column damage is more
than that of the median value of moderate deck unseating damage.
 LITERATURE REVIEW…
S.N. YEAR AUTHOR NAME OBSERVATIONS
5. 17/12/2018 Gokhan Pekcan The following conclusions are drawn by the author:
& Ahmed Abdel- (1) Bridges with larger skew angles (> 30°) experienced larger
Mohti deformations.
(2) With increasing skew angles greater than 30°, the shear keys had
marginal effect according to time history.
(3) The direction of the two horizontal components of the strong
motions relative to the longitudinal and transverse directions did not
have significant effect.
(4) Maximum forces at the abutments of skewed bridges were
unevenly distributed which would potentially lead to progressive
failure of support elements.
 LITERATURE REVIEW…
S.N. YEAR AUTHOR NAME OBSERVATIONS
6. 04/2015 Deshmukh V. The authors observed that for Class A Loading the increase in shear
Nikhil, Dr. U. P. force for low skew angle (<15°) the shear force increases linearly. The
Waghe bending moment increases with increase of skew angle and spans of
bridges. For each span and skew angle, the change of about 20% is
observed in bending moment nature. In case of torsional moment,
the pattern of increment in torsional moment is similar to pattern of
bending moment. There is about 10% of linear variation increase in
torsional moment comparing to bending moment.

7. 05/2012 Vikash Khatri, The authors observed that deflection is consistent with longitudinal
Maiti R.P., Singh bending moment Torsion moment follows the reverse pattern of
K. P.& Kar longitudinal moment. Variation of bending and torsion moment in
Ansuman FEM is lower than grillage results. So, FEM may be preferred for
analysis of skew bridges efficiently with certain limitation.
 LITERATURE REVIEW…
S.N. YEAR AUTHOR NAME OBSERVATIONS
8 05/05/201 Kaviani Peyman, The authors observed that ground motions with high velocity pulses
2 Zareian Farzin, induce higher seismic demand, collapse potential appeared to
Taciroglu Ertugrul have a inverse relation with the abutment skew angle. Seismic
response of a skew bridge is not sensitive to the span arrangement.

9 02/2018 Prof. Gawande S. The authors observed that effect of earthquake is not found to be
A., Patil S.A. significant, continuity of deck slab tends to provide better stability
and thus reducing torsion.
 LITERATURE REVIEW…
Sr. No. YEAR AUTHOR’S NAME OBSERVATIONS

10 06/2016 Sharma Nishant, Kumar The authors observed that the longitudinal
Pramod displacement is 0.157m for 60° skew model,
amount of longitudinal displacement increases
during ground motion. The maximum rotation of
bearing is in 15° skew bridge model and maximum
translation is in 60°.
METHODOLOGY-

 TO SELECT THE DIFFERENT GROUND MOTION

 TO MODEL A SKEW BRIDGE USING FINITE ELEMENT BASED SOFTWARE
(SAP2000)
 ANALYSIS OF SKEW BRIDGE UNDER DIFFERENT GROUND MOTION
 TIME PLAN

Sr.No MONTH

1 SEPTEMBER DISCUSSION ON VARIOUS TOPICS COMPLETE

2 OCTOBER DESIGNATION OF TOPICS COMPLETE
3 NOVEMBER SELECTION OF GROUND MOVEMENT MOTION COMPLETE

4 DECEMBER FORMATION OF SYNOPSIS COMPLETE

5 JANAURY SELECTION OF SKEW BRIDGE INCOMPLETE

6 FEBRUARY MODELLING ANALYSIS INCOMPLETE

7 MARCH PROJECT REPORT WRITING INCOMPLETE
8 APRIL SUBMISSION OF PROJECT INCOMPLETE
REFERENCES
 Deepu S.P., Prajapt Kanta, Ray-Chaudhuri Samit, Seismic vulnerability of
skew bridges under bi-directional ground motion; 03/04/2014; Engineering
Structures 71:150-160
 Kothari Vaibhav, Mrunal Pranesh, seismic analysis of skew bridges,
Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad,2015.
 Peckan Ghokan and Ahmad Abdel-Mohti, Seismic Response of skewed RC
Box- Girder Bridges, 17/12/2018; The 14th world conference on Earthquake
Engineering
 K.K. Raj and RG Phani, Design and Study on Behavior of Skew Slab Bridges
with Various Skew Angles, Department of Structural Engineering,
Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Jawaharlal
Nehru Technological University -Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, 18/09/2017.
 Manoharan Anagha and Joseph Glynez, Analysis of Skew Bridge with
Varying Skew Angles, Analysis of Skew Bridge with Varying Skew Angles,
10/10/2016.
 Khatri Vikash, Maiti P.R., Singh P.K. & Kar Ansuman, Analysis of Skew Bridges
Using Computational Methods, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of
Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi ; 05/2012; Vol 2 issue no. 3: 628-
636
 Deshmukh V. Nikhil, Dr. Waghe U.P., Analysis and Design of Skew Bridges,
Analysis and Design of Skew Bridges, 04/2015