PUFF EXPERT SYSTEM

Presented by
Junaid Khan
Department of Computer
Science University of Peshawar
Pakistan
Junaid_upesh@yahoo.com
 EXPERT SYSTEM
 Expert system is a software which
attempt to provide answer to a problem.
MAIN COMPONENTS:
 Knowledge base
 Inference engine
 User interface
User User Inference Knowledge
interface engine base
Types of expert system:
 Dendral
 Mycin
 Prospector
 Emycin
 Puff
“PUFF EXPERT SYSTEM”
 HISTORY OF PUFF EXPERT
SYSTEM
 PUFF developed from work done on the
MYCIN system.
 It was developed by Janice Akins, John
kunz, Ted Shortliffee, Robert Fallat.
 It was developed at Stanford university
and Pacific Presbyterian medical centre.
 CONTINUED……….

 PUFF was initially built using a

generalization of the MYCIN system called
EMYCIN.
 That program used a knowledge base of
production rules to perform infectious
disease consultations.
 CONTINUED……..
 EMYCIN, or lBEssentiai MYCIN consists
of the domain-independent features of
MYCIN which are
1. The rule interpreter
2. Explanation
3. Knowledge acquisition modules
 Continued………..
 PUFF was probably the first AI system to
have been used in clinical practice.
 PUFF was initially developed on the
SUMEX computer, a large research
machine at Stanford University.
 This version of puff expert system is called
SUMEX version.
 CONTINUED….
 It was later rewritten in a production
version to run on the hospital own mini-
computer.
 This version is called production version of
puff expert system.
 CONTINUED……
 EMYCIN (and hence the EMYCIN version
of PUFF) is written in INTERLISP 173 and
runs on a DEC Ki-10 at the Stanford
SUMEX-AIM computer facility.
 In order to run PUFF on a POP-1 1 at
Pacific Medical Center, a second version of
the program was created after the
EMYCIN version had been refined.
 CONTINUED…..

  The POP-1 1 version is now routinely

used in the pulmonary function laboratory
and provides lung test interpretations for
about ten patients daily.
 Approximately 85% of the reports
generated are accepted without
modifications.
 WHAT IS LUNG
 Respiratory organ
 Consists of two box shapes connected
through a single opening called tracheae.
 Lungs are elastic and spongy due to the
presence of alvolie.
 Lungs of an ordinary man can
accommodate air up to 500 ml.
 FUNCTION OF LUNGS
 Diaphrame
A membrane present in chest cavity
which cover the lungs externally.
 Exchange of gases in blood.
 SOME LUNG DISEASES
 LUNG CANCER
 TB (Tuberculosis)
 ASTHMA
 WHAT IS PUFF
 PUFF can diagnose the presence and
severity of lung disease and produce
reports for the patient's file.
 PUFF was the first system developed using
EMYCIN . It included the domain
independent features of MYCIN which are
 CONTINED……
 Rule interpreter
 Explanation
 Knowledge acquisition
 EXAMPLE OF EXPLANATION
 The end-user usually sees an expert
system through an interactive dialogue, an
example of which follows:
– Q. Do you know which restaurant you want to
go to?
– A. No
– Q. Is there any kind of food you would
particularly like?
– A. No
– Q. Do you like spicy food?
– A. No
– Q. Do you usually drink wine with meals?
– A. Yes
– Q. When you drink wine, is it French wine?
– A. Yes
 As can be seen from this dialog, the
system is leading the user through a set of
questions, the purpose of which is to
determine a suitable set of restaurants to
recommend.
 Another major distinction between expert
systems and traditional systems is
illustrated by the following answer given
by the system when the user answers a
question with another question, "Why", as
occurred in the above example. The
answer is:
– A. I am trying to determine the type of
restaurant to suggest. So far Chinese is not a
likely choice. It is possible that French is a
likely choice. I know that if the diner is a wine
drinker, and the preferred wine is French,
then there is strong evidence that the
restaurant choice should include French.
 Continued…..
 As we know that puff expert system has
developed by using EMYCIN.
 Where EMYCIN is the sub system of
MYCIN.
 This expert system uses backward
chaining.
 Continued……
 Puff expert system consists of production
rules.
 Productions rules are if then rules.
 Production rules:
R1: if (ungrasping off (not window)) then
push-right.
R2: if (ungrasping on (not window)) then
climb-down.
 CONTINUED……
R3: if (grasping * (not window)) then
ungrasp.
R4: if (ungrasping off window) then climb-
up.
R5: if (ungrasing on window) then grasp.
 CONTINUED…..
R6: if (grasping off *) then ungrasp.

R7: if (grasping on window) then STOP.

 CONTINUED….
 Initially puff expert system was used in
lung function laboratory at Pacific
medical centre in San Francisco.
 This laboratory includes equipments
designed to measure
1. the volume of lung
2. the ability of patient to move air into and
out of the lung
 Continued….
3. The ability of lung to get oxygen into the
blood and carbon dioxide out.
 The pulmonary physiologist then
interprets these measurements in order
to determine the presence of lung
disease in the patient.
FIGURE
 continued………
Just as MYCIN consists of EMYCIN plus a
set of facts and rules about the diagnosis
and therapy of infectious diseases.
 PUFF is consisted of the EMYCIN
programs plus a lung disease knowledge
base.
 THE END
REFERENCES:
These information's about puff expert system are taken from the
following sites.
 www.answer.com
 w.computing.surrey.ac.uk/ai/PROFILE/mycin.html
 www.cs.colostate.edu/~home/EMAI/ch3/node5.html
 http://aaai.org/AITopics/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/AITopics/Ru
leBasedExpertSystems
 MESSAGE
Shakespeare said
“Laughing faces do not mean that there is
absence of sorrow
But it means they have the ability to deal
with it”.