Data Center Energy:

Going Forward

John Tuccillo, APC by Schneider Electric

Founding Board of Director Member
Today’s Data Center Challenges
REAL-WORLD LIMITATIONS

Financial Constraints
Power Availability
Cooling Capacity
Space

Energy Efficiency

NEED FOR MORE WORK

IT Applications
Analysis
Servers
Storage
What If… The Data Center Was
An Example of Excellence?
REAL-WORLD LIMITATIONS

Financial Constraints
Power Availability
Cooling Capacity
Space

Energy Efficiency

MORE WORK
IT Applications
Analysis
Servers
Storage
The Goal: Efficiency

• Existing and • Models and best • Data center

Emerging characteristics,
practices for
Technologies performance
using those
metrics, and
technologies
measurement
protocols

Multi-Step Process
Who’s In The Green Grid?
Board of Director Member Companies
More Than 200 Members:
A Broad Spectrum
 ’08 Deliverables
Driving Industry Thought Leadership!

• #6 Green Grid Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics: PUE and

DCiE

• #7 Five Ways to Save Server Power Consumption

• #8 Data Center Baseline Study Report

• #9 Addressing Organizational Behavior Issues in IT

• #10 Framework for Establishing a Rating System

• #11 Seven Strategies to Improve Data Center Cooling Efficiency

• #12 The Green Grid Peer Review of “DC Power For Improved
Data Center Efficiency” by LBNL

• #13 A Framework for Data Center Energy Productivity (DCeP)

• #14 The Green Grid Metrics: Data Center Infrastructure

Efficiency Detailed Analysis

• #15 The Green Grid Productivity Indicator

• #16 Quantitative Efficiency Analysis of Power Distribution

Configurations for Data Centers
The Green Grid in 2009:
Helping Industry Move Forward
 Why Create Metrics?
• Awareness
o “If you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it”

• Benchmarking
o Continuous improvement of operations
o Comparing across the industry
o Improvement over time/generation to generation
o Validate claims

• Consistency
o Common Vocabulary
o Industry & Government Collaboration
o Better Efficiency
PUE/DCiE: The Green Grid
Metrics For Facilities
Total Facility Power IT Equipment Power
PUE = DCiE = X 100%
IT Equipment Power Total Facility Power
How efficient is my facility in What % of facility power is delivered to
delivering power to IT equipment? my IT equipment?

Power IT Equipment
Total • Switchgea • Servers
Facility r • Storage
IT Equipment Power
Power • UPS • Telco
• Battery • etc.
Backup
• etc.

Cooling
• Chillers
• CRACs
• etc. DCP
PUE & DCiE
For Efficient Facilities For The Work You Do
PUE and DCiE: Do/Do Not

PUE and DCiE Do: PUE and DCiE Do Not:

• Provide information on how
effective the energy is being
used by the IT equipment in a
facility
• Provide a good picture of
efficiency when used
consistently over time
• Provide a starting point to
determine the effectiveness of
energy use in a data center
• Address the kinds of energy
sources that the facility uses
• Adequately help an organization if
measurements taken on a one-
time basis
• Serve as the final word on
efficiency
• Address productivity

• Address emerging models such

as containers
Sample Data Center: PUE Impact

Assumptions
• 5 Mw IT load
• $0.10/kW-hr
• 7x24 operation

• Sample data center: PUE 2.0 • Best in class: PUE 1.4

• 10 Mw purchase from utility • 7 Mw purchase from utility

• $8.8 million annual power bill • $6.1 million annual power bill

Net Savings of $2.7 Million Annually Through Increased Efficiency

New PUE/DCiE Reporting
Guidelines

Total Facility Power IT Equipment Power

PUE = DCiE = X 100%
IT Equipment Power Total Facility Power
How efficient is my facility in What % of facility power is delivered to
delivering power to IT equipment? my IT equipment?

• What were the environmental conditions?

• When were measurements taken?

• Where were measurements taken?

• How often were measurements taken?

How to compare results?

Measurement Accuracy
Reporting
(from DCiE Detailed Analysis
WP)
Examples of Reported Results

‘M’ = monthly ‘W’ = weekly

‘D’ = daily ‘C’ = continuously (frequency one hour or less)
Classification of Publicly-
Reported Metrics Results
Intended Results of Reporting
Guidelines
• Consistent, apples-to-apples reporting
• Identify and Promote exceptional results
• Quality Assurance
• Drive greater industry adoption
DCP: Under Development

Useful Work
DCP =
Total Facility Power
How Much Work Can My IT
Equipment Do, In My Facility?

Power IT Equipment
Total • Switchgear • Servers
Facility • UPS • Storage
Power • Battery IT Equipment Power • Telco
Backup
• etc. • etc.

Cooling
• Chillers
• CRACs
• etc.
PUE & DCiE DCP
For Efficient Facilities For The Work You Do
 Productivity Proposals
Proxy Name Description
Useful Work Self-Assessment and All applications self-report, utility function is uniform and equal to
Reporting one; user must decide how to normalize each task

DCeP Subset by Productivity Link A subset of all applications self-report using Productivity Link, a
freely available Software Development Kit (SDK); scale results to
represent whole data center
DCeP Subset by Sample Workload An instrumented subset of servers is measured running as sample
workload; scale results to represent whole data center

Bits per Kilowatt-hour
Weighted CPU Utilization –
SPECint_rate
Weighted CPU Utilization –
SPECpower
Sum all outbound bitstreams from data center, divide by energy
used by data center
Use CPU clock speed, SPECint_rate benchmarks, and CPU
utilization to determine amount of work being done.
Use CPU clock speed, SPECpower benchmarks, and CPU
utilization to determine amount of work being done.

Compute Units Per Second (CUPS) Uses trend curve based on Moore's law, age of server, and CPU
utilization to determine work done.
Operating System Workload Estimate efficiency by calculating the number of operating system
Efficiency instances per watt
DCP: Productivity Proxies
• Goal is to move the discussion forward
• The Green Grid is gathering feedback on proxy proposals
from members and industry
• Best prospects will be selected for further study
• 8 Proxies are proposed
The Green Grid Productivity
Indicator
• Simple, quick visualization
of how resources are
being targeted versus
used

• Radial graph for relevant

indicators such as:
o data center efficiency,
o data center utilization
o IT utilization
The Green Grid Data Center
Design Guide
• For building and operating energy efficient data
centers
• Covers existing and new facilities
• Designing the data center architecture as a whole,
not in pieces
Facilities

Management
Infrastructure
Power Cooling
Applications

Compute Storage Network

ICT
Core Tenets of Data Center 2.0
Design Guide

A guide for standardization and evolution of key capabilities

Annual Design Guide Releases

Evolution of the design guide should advance all core tenets

 Power Configuration Tool

How do I compare
power topologies while
keeping efficiency in
mind?
 Free Cooling Map
How much “free” cooling
is available to me, at any
location in the US?
PUE Calculator
Under Development
Training
• The Green Grid Academy
• Online Courses
• Interactive & Self-Driven
Collaboration: Liaisons for
Government, IT, Facilities
Collaboration: Advisory Council
We Can Get There Together
REAL-WORLD LIMITATIONS

Financial Constraints
Power Availability
Cooling Capacity
Space

Energy Efficiency

MORE WORK
IT Applications
Analysis
Servers
Storage
Work with us!

For more information:

www.thegreengrid.org