Expansion joint:

• Expansion joint is attached to shell wall. Shell is made two

pipe pieces Two pipe pieces are joined together by expansion
joint.
• Expansion joint is used in a fixed tube sheet Heat
Exchangers. Expansion joint is provided in fixed tube sheet
Heat Exchangers, if tube & shell expand or contract differently
with temperature. Differential thermal expansion is indused if
there is large temperature difference between the tube side
fluid temperature & shell side fluid temperature and tube
material & shell material are different.
• U tube heat Exchanger is cheaper than floating head heat
Exchanger.
• Both type of heat Exchanger also facilitate the cleaning of
tube bundle from outside surface. Both have one
disadvantages over fixed tube sheet Heat Exchangers that is
in both type of heat Exchanger for a given no of tubes
required to accommodate the tubes are higher than the
same required for fixed tube sheet Heat Exchangers.
• U tube Heat Exchanger are not recommend to use for
tube side dirty fluid. It is difficult to remove dirt from the U
tube.While floating head Heat Exchanger can be used
where both shell side & tube side fluid are dirty.
Floating head Heat Exchangers are two types
(i) Pull through floting head with baking device.it is widely used
in chemical process industries.
Advantage: Compred to Pull through floting head less diameter
is required for shell to accommodate the same number of tubes.
Disadvantage: More maintenance time is required.In
maintenance shell cover is removed first,then the split baking
ring, then floating head cover, then tube bundle is removed
from stationary end.
(ii) Pull through floting head: It is used with kettle type
reboiler.it does not use the spilt baking ring. with this Heat
Exchanger it is possible to remove the entire tube bundle
including floting head assembly from the stationary end. But it is
the costlier Heat exchanger.
Sealing strip:
• In Kern method, it is assumed that entire fluid is flowing in cross flow
manner. In all latest method of process design shell side fluid flow is
divided in five different streams. Among these streams one of the
stream is flow of shell side fluid bypassed through the clearance
between tube bundle & shell ID. This clearance are significant in case of
Pull through floting head heat Exchanger.
• Bypassing of shell side fluid through this area reduce the value of shell
side heat transfer coefficient. For such cases, sealing strips are provided
in clearance between tube bundle & shell ID. Sealing strips reduce the
amount of bypass stream flow through this methods. Shell side heat
transfer coefficient is also a function of no of sealing strips provided in
this area. sealing strip s also make the removal of tube bundle from the
shell easier. hence they are also known as sealing strips.
Tube: Tube sizes are ranging from 1/4"(6.35mm) to 2 1/2
(63.5mm) are used. For a without phase change Heat Exchanger &
for condenser 3/4" size tube is widely used in actual practice.
While for reboiler 1" tube size is common.
Tube side pass partition: Tube side passes are provided to
decrease the tube flow area and to increase the tube side fluid
velocity & therby to improve the tube side heat transfer
coefficient, but at the exapance of pressure drop. For example For
design purpose of we compare 1-1 heat Exchanger with 1-2 heat
Exchanger, for the same nos of tubes & same size of tubes, for a
equal flow rate velocity of tube side fluid in 1-2 heat Exchanger is
doubled than 1-1 heat exchanger.
Tube sheet: Tubes are attached to tube sheet. Tube to tube
sheet joints are two types (1) Expanded joint (2) welding joint.
Welding joint is costlier than Expanded joint. hence welding joint
is used only for the cases where leakage of fluid resulted in
disaster.