Nishad Malik Mohamed

Introduction
 Concept of Bridge – requirement for crossing an
obstruction
 From logs of wood to modern day cable-stayed bridges
 Cable-stayed suspension bridges - Hybrid bridge
Hybrid bridge system
 Combination of a Suspension bridge and Cable-stayed
bridge
 Incorporates the structural advantages of both
Suspension and Cable-stayed bridges
 Hybrid Bridge

Cable-stayed Suspension Cable-stayed

system system system
Why Hybrid bridges?
SUSPENSION BRIDGES CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
 For longer spans  For better stiffness
 Better to withstand  Improved rigidity against
earthquakes wind forces
Pros
 Longer spans with better stiffness
 Structurally superior to conventional types
 Flexible against earthquake
 Resistance to high speed wind
Seismic design
 Flexible type towers
 Tuned Mass Dampeners (TMD)
 Multi cell tower shaft
 Bolted joints
Wind resistant design
 Aerodynamic mechanics
 Streamline – diverting the wind
 Openings – allowing the wind to flow through
 Increasing structural damping
 Increasing rigidity – to prevent flutter
Structural Components
 Main Towers
 Main Cables
 Stay Cables
 Precast Girders
 Steel Trusses
Towers
 Vertical structures to support main cable
 Transfers load to foundation
 Flexible towers – made of steel
 Truss frame
 Individual cells

Tuned mass
dampeners

Tower cross section

Main Cables
 Supports steel trusses by hanger ropes
 Transfer loads to tower
 Tied down to anchorages at ends
 Parallel wire strand – high tensile strength and
modulus of elasticity
 Average - 1570 N/mm2
 Maximum – 1770 N/mm2 - high strength steel
 Diameter – 0.7-1.2 m
 Cables tied to anchorage

Parallel wire strands covered with

polyethylene tubing
Stay Cables
 Alignment – fan type – minimum moment to towers
 Anchored along both sides of PC girder
 Cable anchors - fixed at tower, adjustable at deck
 Parallel wire strands
Deck – Trusses & PC girders
STEEL TRUSS
 Forms the deck in
suspended section
 Allows wind to flow
through
PC GIRDER
 Forms the deck in
cable-stayed section
 Trapezoidal profiling

Vertical alignment of steel truss and PC girder is

achieved by the use of a VERTICAL STABILIZER,
running across the entire length of bridge
Steel Truss

Suspenders

Vertical stabilizer

Steel truss
Precast Girder

Vertical stabilizer

Concrete girder
Nagisa Bridge, Japan
 Single span foot bridge
 Span length – 112.3 m
 First application of hybrid system
Nagisa bridge, Japan
Field test
 To check the vertical rigidity
 Load applied
• Case 1 – in the cable stayed section
• Case 2 – in the suspended section
 Frequencies measured
 Result
• Stayed cables were effective for vertical rigidity
Field test in Nagisa bridge
Results of loading experiment
Conclusion
 Structural superiority
 Longer spans
 Stability against wind and earthquake
 Messina strait – 5 km
 Strait of Gibraltar – 14 km
 Can help connect India with Sri Lanka