Media and

Information
Languages
Prepared by : MARK JHON C. OXILLO
 Media Languages
- are codes , conventions,
formats, symbols and narrative
structures that indicate the
meaning of media messages
to an audience
CODES
 Codes
- are systems of signs that
when put together create
meaning
* Semiotics - study of signs
 Types of Codes:
SYMBOLIC CODES
WRITTEN CODES
TECHNICAL CODES
 SYMBOLIC CODES
- show what is beneath the surface
of what we see (objects, setting,
body language, clothing, color, etc.
) or iconic symbols that are easily
understood
What does a Red Rose
symbolizes?
A red rose
may convey
Romance or
Love.
What does a Clenched Fist
symbolizes?
A clenched
fist may
convey
Anger.
 What does the colors in a
Traffic Light symbolize?
Red – Stop
Green - Go
Yellow - Ready
ACTIVITY
Form 4 groups.
 What to do?
On a 1 whole sheet of paper,
Think of a company name and
illustrate or draw its OWN
symbol/sign/icon , make sure that
it is not copied nor plagiarized
from the Internet or other sources.
 What to do?
You must also include an
explanation of the symbol /
logo used as well at its
function, purpose or meaning.
Start Now …
 Types of Codes:
SYMBOLIC CODES
WRITTEN CODES
TECHNICAL CODES
 WRITTEN CODES
- use of language style and textual
layout (headlines, captions, speech
bubbles, language style, etc. )
Headlines
Captions
Speech Bubbles
 Types of Codes:
SYMBOLIC CODES
WRITTEN CODES
TECHNICAL CODES
 TECHNICAL CODES
- Are ways in which equipment is used
to tell the story
- This includes sound, camera angles,
types of shots and lighting as well as
camera techniques, framing, depth of
field, lighting, exposure and
juxtaposition.
 Camera Shots
INSERT CAMERA SHOTS PHOTO HERE
 EXTREME LONG SHOT
- Also called extreme wide shots
such as a large crowd scene or
a view of scenery as far as the
horizon
EXTREME LONG SHOT
 LONG SHOT
- a view of a situation or setting
from a distance
LONG SHOT
 MEDIUM LONG SHOT
- shows a group of people in
interaction with each other,
example: fight scene with part of
their surroundings in the picture
MEDIUM LONG SHOT
FF5
 FULL SHOT
- a view of a figure’s entire body in
order to show action and/or a
constellation group of characters
FULL SHOT
Maureen
Wroblewitz
 MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT
- shows a subject down to his/her
chest/waist
MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT
Maureen
Wroblewitz
 CLOSE UP SHOT
- a full - screen shot of a subject’s
face showing the finest nuances
of expression
 CLOSE UP SHOT
Pia Wurtzbach
 EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT
- a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or
any object in detail
EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT
 Camera Shots:
Extreme Long Shot
Long Shot
Medium Long Shot
Full Shot
Medium Close Shot
Close -up Shot
Extreme Close -up Shot
Point of View
 Establishing Shot
- often used at the beginning of a
scene to indicate the location or
setting, it is usually a long shot
taken from a neutral position
 Establishing Shot
What does this shot means ?
Point - of - View Shot
- Shows a scene from the
perspective of a character or one
person. Most newsreel footages
are shown from the perspective of
the newscaster.
Point - of - View Shot
Over - the - Shoulder Shot
- Often used in dialogue scenes, a
frontal view of a dialogue partner
from the perspective of someone
standing behind and slightly to the
side of the other partner, so that
parts of both can be seen
Over - the - Shoulder Shot
 Reaction Shot
- Short shot of a character’s
response to an action
Reaction Shot
 Insert Shot
- A detail shot which quickly gives
visual information necessary to
understand the meaning of a
scene
Insert Shot
Reverse - Angle Shot
- a shot from the opposite
perspective
Reverse - Angle Shot
Hand - held Camera Shot
- The camera is not mounted on a
tripod and instead is held by the
cameraperson, resulting in less
stable shots
Hand - held Camera Shot
 Point of View:
Establishing Shot
Point - of - View Shot / POV
Shot
Over - the - Shoulder Shot
Reaction Shot
Insert Shot
Reverse - Angle Shot
Hand - Held Camera shot
Camera Angles
 Aerial Shot
- Overhead Shot
- Also called Bird’s Eye Shot
- Long or extreme long shot of the
ground from the air
Aerial Shot
High - Angle Shot
- Shows people or objects from
above higher than eye level
High - Angle Shot
Low - Angle Shot
- Below Shot
- Shows people or objects from
below, lower than eye level
Low - Angle Shot
 Eye - Level Shot
- Straight - on Angle
- Views a subject from the level of a
person’s eye
Eye - Level Shot
 Camera Angles
Aerial Shot
High - Angle Shot
Low - Angle Shot
Eye - Level Shot
 Camera
Movements
 Pan Shot
- The camera pans (moves
horizontally) from left to right or
vice versa across the picture
Pan Shot
 Tilt Shot
- The camera tilts up (moves
upwards) or tilts down (moves
downwards) around a vertical line
Tilt Shot
 Tracking Shot
- The camera follows along next
to or behind a moving object or
person
Tracking Shot
 Zoom
- The stationary camera
approaches a subject by
“zooming in” or moves farther
away by “zooming out”.
Zoom
Zoom
Camera Movements:
Pan Shot
Tilt Shot
Tracking Shot
Zoom
CONVENTIONS
 CONVENTIONS
- Refers to a standard or norm
that acts as a rule governing
behaviour
- Are generally established and
accepted ways of doing
something
 MESSAGE
- the information sent to a
receiver from a source
 AUDIENCE
- the group of consumers for whom
the media message was constructed
as well as anyone else who is
exposed to the message
 PRODUCERS
- People engaged in the process of
creating and putting together media
content to make a finished media
product
 STAKEHOLDERS
- Libraries , archives, museums,
internet and other relevant
information providers.
END