Gender and Age

Group 8
-Annisa Widya Husna Aryani 16.06.0.010
-Agustina Deran 16.06.0.032
-Salna Anisa Putri 16.06.0.064

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Gender
 The nature of the relationship between gender and
speech is complex, and the way gender interacts with a
range of other farctors needs careful examination in
each speech community.

--Holmes

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1. Gender-Exclusive Speech Differences
Non-Western Communities
There are communities where the language is shared
by women and men, but, particular linguistics features
occurs only in the women’s speech
and men’s speech. These features are usually small
differences in pronunciation or word shape
(morphology). Word-shapes in other languages
contrast because women and men use different affixes

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 Example:
In Japanese

Women’s form: Meaning Men’s Form:

-Otoosan -Father -Oyaji
--Atashi -I am -Boku
--Oishii -Delicious -Umai
--Taberu. -Eat -Kuu

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Gender-preferential
speech features : Social
dialect research
 Gender-preferential speech features:
Social dialect research

Examples:
In Western communities where women’s and
men social roles overlap the speech from the use also
overlap. In other words, women and men do
not use completely different forms.
They use different quantities or frequencies of the
same forms.

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Gender and Social
Class
Gender and Social Class
The linguistic features which differ in the
speech of women and men in Western
communities are usually features which
also distinguish the speech of people
from different social classes.

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Explanations of
Women’s Linguistic
Behavior
Age
 Explanations of Women’s
Linguistic Behavior
 The social status explanation
 Women’s role as guardian of society’s
values
 Subordinate group must be polite

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Age-graded features of
speech

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Age-graded features of speech
 Using pitch differences
 vocabulary, pronunciation and
grammar may reflect age difference
 Slang is the linguistic prerogative of
young people

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Age and social dialect
data

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Age and social dialect data
A common pattern shows that the use of
vernacular forms is high in childhood and
adolescence. The usage steadily reduces as
people approach middle age when social
pressures to conform are greatest.

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Age Grading and
Language

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 Age Grading and Language
Increase or decrease of a linguistic form over time :
linguistic change!
When a form is on the increase, we talk about innovation.

higher use by younger speakers!

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