ECOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY
AJISH YONAS
FATIMA J
KUMAR R SURRAJ
SAHIL MOHAMED

MARIAN COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

COMPOSITION OF EARTH (LAYERS)
• The earth is divided into different
compositions and physical properties
• Composition means the earth is made up
of different elements mixed together
• Physical properties mean viscosity,
temperature and density
• The earth is divided into 3 layers; crust,
mantle and core
• The dense materials are make up the
inner layer and Light materials make up
the outer layer

ECOLOGY Source:https://museumsvictoria.com.au/website/melbournemuseum/discoverycentre/d
ynamic-earth/overview/the-earth-and-moon/earths-structure/index.html
CRUST
•The outermost layer
•Thickness 5 to 100km
•Thinnest layer ; i.e. less than 1% of
earth’s mass
•Least dense
•Temperature : 20 to 870 Degrees
•Consist of 2 layers
•Top layer granite and bottom basalt
•Two types; oceanic and continental

Name and title Source : https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/earth/structure-

earth/crust/
MANTLE
• Thick shell of dense rocky matter surrounding
the core
• Consists of iron-magnesium-silicates
• Less dense than core, but denser than outer
layer
• 67% of earth’s mass is found
• This is divided into 2, lower and upper mantle

1. Lower mantle : also known as mesosphere,

2100 km thick, hot, semi-solid rock,
consistency of hot asphalt
2. Upper mantle : composed of two parts;
asthenosphere(semi-solid/plastic and 700
km thick), uppermost part is solid and 100
km thick

ECOLOGY Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiDh9qey7
TjAhUMrI8KHfYADFMQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.or
g%2Fencyclopedia%2Fmantle%2F&psig=AOvVaw3ziP_heGoZtMEgC5vEvtL4&ust=156319
CORE
• The centre part of the earth
• Divided into 2; inner and outer core
1. Inner core : solid, 1250 km thick,
composed of nickel and iron,
temperature 5500 to 7000 Degree,
solid due to extreme pressure
2. Outer core : liquid, 2200 km thick,
temperature 6100 to 4000 degree,
composed of molten nickel and
iron, core spins creating and
magnetic field that protect from
solar winds

Sourcehttps://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiQ5eP2zrT
jAhWEgI8KHZJqB88QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fblogstronomy.blogspot.com%2
ECOLOGY F2010%2F03%2Fis-core-temperature-of-earth-
changing.html&psig=AOvVaw3Bl5CNwJHaLhB-ilg29RXF&ust=1563200738848324
:
HOW TO KNOW ABOUT THEM?
• Best source is seismic waves
• When earthquakes occur,
pressure waves are released

ECOLOGY Source:https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi0-
uSP1LTjAhUZfisKHT17CssQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-
education.psu.edu%2Fmarcellus%2Fnode%2F870&psig=AOvVaw2a1SNRyG5wbAOL8Oy