Limits of Exponential and

Trigonometric Functions
Basic Calculus
Ms. Joralie J. Mendoza
 Evaluate if the indicated limit
exists.
( 2  h)  8
3 x  16
2

1.) lim 3.) lim

h 0 h x4 x 2

2.) lim 3  x 2 3
x7 2
4.) lim
x 3 x 1 x 1
Reminiscence: Exponential and
Trigonometric Functions
• Circular Functions
• 8 Fundamental Identities
• Sum and Difference Identities
• Double-Angle Identities
• Half-Angle Identities
 Theorem. Limits of the Sine and
Cosine Functions
Let a   . Then
lim sin x  sin a
xa

lim cos x  cos a

xa
 Squeeze Theorem
Suppose that 𝒈(𝒙) ≤ 𝒇(𝒙) ≤ 𝒉(𝒙) for
all x close to abut not equal to a.
If lim 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝑳 and lim 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝑳,
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙→𝒂
then, lim 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝑳.
𝒙→𝒂
Squeeze Theorem
Hard Limit.?.?

sin  
lim  lim 1
 0   0 sin 
cos   1 1  cos 
lim 0 lim 0
 0   0 
Evaluate the limits of the following trigonometric
functions:
sin x  cos x cos   1
1.) lim 3.) lim
x
 tan x  0 sin 
6

2.) lim sin( x  sin x) sin 2 x

x 
4.) lim
x 0 5x
Evaluate the limits of the following trigonometric
functions:

5.) lim
sin x  cos x sin( x  1)
 7.) lim 2
x cos 2 x x 1 x  x  2
4

sin (3 )
2 tan(5 )
6.) lim 8.) lim
 0  2  0 sin( 2 )
Evaluate the limits of the following trigonometric
functions:

x 
2 2
5 cos x  5
3 2
1.) lim 3.) lim 2
x  sin x x 0 sin 8 x
tan   cot 4
2.) lim 2 3.) lim 2
 0  cot 3  0 sin  cot 2 2
 Limit of
Exponential
Function

Basic Calculus_SHS
 Theorem: Limits of Theorem: Exponentials
Exponential Functions and Logarithms
For any 𝑎 𝜖 ℝ, 𝐼𝑓 𝑏 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ≠ 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
lim e  e
x a
xa b 1
x
𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑖𝑓 𝑏 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ≠ 1, lim  ln b
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 x 0 x
lim b  b
x a
xa
Evaluate if the indicated limits
exist.
3.) lim 0.999 
sin x cot 
1.) lim e
x   

1
 
2.) lim  
x
4.) lim
4.743
x
1
x 0  2  x 0 x
 Evaluate

 11 
1.) csc 
 6 
 Evaluate

 7 
2.) cot 
 6 
 Evaluate

 3 
3.) sec 
 4 
 Evaluate

 3 
4.) cos 
 2 
 Evaluate

 5 
5.) sin  
 4 
 Evaluate

 2 
6.) cos 
 3 
 Evaluate

 9 
7.) cot 
 4 
 Evaluate

 5 
8.) sin  
 6 
 Evaluate

9.) cos  
 Evaluate

 4 
10.) sec 
 3 
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