DBMS

DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Submitted to Prof. Lukman Patel

PRESENTED BY :-
 QURESHI MOHAMMAD AAMIR
 SYED ALMAS MUSHTAQUE AHMED
 AZMI ZEESHAN AHMED ADEEL
 SHEIKH RESHMA ISMAIL
 VAGHER HUSSAIN ASGARALI
 KHAN AASIM IRSHAD
 SURYA MOHD.ALTAF ABDUL
 Introduction
 A DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and a set of
programs to access those data.

 Database – Collection of data.

– It contains information which is relevant to an
enterprise.

 Primary goal of DBMS is to provide a way to store and

retrieve DB information that is both convenient and efficient.

 DBMS has evolved from a specialized computer application

to a central component of a modern computing environment
and as a result knowledge about DB system has become an
essential part of an educating in computer science.
 DB system are designed to manage large
bodies of information.
 Management of data involves both-
1)Defining structure for storage of information.
2)Providing mechanism for the manipulation
of the information.
 In addition DB system must ensure the safety
of information stored, dispite system crashes or
attempts at un-authorized access.
 Database System Applications
 Banking Credit card
 Airlines
 Universities
 Credit card transactions
 Telecommunication
 Finance
 Sales
 Manufacturing
 Human Resources
 Database Systems versus
File Systems
 Data redundancy and inconsistency.
 Difficulty in accessing data.
 Data isolation.
 Integrity problems.
 Atomicity problems.
 Concurrent access anomalies.
 Security problems.
 DB system consist of-
 Software
 Hardware
 Data
 User
 Procedures
 Data Abstraction
External External External
Schema 1 Schema 2 Schema 3
Data Abstraction is used to hide
complexity levels. i.e,
-Physical Level Conceptual Schema
-Logical Level
-View Level Physical Schema

Database Schema
It is the overall design or structure of
the database.
 Data Independence

 The data independence is the ability to change

the schema at one level of a database system
with out changing the schema at a higher level.
 One of the most important benefits of using a
DBMS!
 Logical data independence: Protection from
changes in logical structure of data.
 Physical data independence: Protection from
changes in physical structure of data.
 Data Redundancy

 Different and conflicting versions of the same

data
e.g. Employee database:
personal info payroll
 - ID - ID (relating parameter)
 - name - name (causes redundancy)
 - address - gross salary
 Database Users
 Naive users
 Application programmers
 Sophisticated users
 Specialized users
 Database administrator
 Schema definition
 Storage structure and access-method definition
 Schema and physical-organization
modification
 Granting of authorization for data access
 Routine maintenance
 Database Languages
DDL(DATA DEFINITION DML(DATA MANIPULATION
LANGUAGE) LANGUAGE
 Storage access structure  Retrieving data
 Structure of database  Adding Data
 Schemas are defined  Deleting Data
using DDL.  Modifying data
 Updating Data
Database Structure
 Application Architectures

Two-tier architecture: E.g. client programs using ODBC/JDBC

to communicate with a database

Three-tier architecture: E.g. web-based applications, and

applications built using “middleware”
 Data Models
 A data model is a collection of concepts for
describing data.
 A schema is a description of a particular collection
of data, using the given data model.
 The relational model of data is the most widely
used model today.
 Main concept: relation, basically a table with rows and
columns.
 Every relation has a schema, which describes the
columns, or fields.
 Database Design
It is important to design the database in such a way that:

 A specific item can be reached easily

 The database can respond to the user’s
different questions easily
 The database occupies minimum storage space
 The database contains no unnecessary data
 Data can be added and updated easily
without causing mistakes
Thank You