By:Marie Vincent Velasco

Information about Mantle

It is the largest layer of Earth.
Composedof Iron,Aluminum,Calcium,
Magnesium,silicon, and oxygen.
80% of the planet’s mass is
concentrated on the mantle and most
of the internal heat is located in this
layer,including the magma chamber
that drives volcanic process.
 Average Temperature of Mantle
• The heighest temperature is
recorded when the mantle material
is in contact with the heat-
producing core.
• The steady increase of temperature
is called “ Geothermal
Gradient”,which is believed to be
the one responsible for different
rock behaviors within mantle.
As rocks behave differently within this
layer of Earth,the mantle is divided
into two different zones:

Upper Mantle

Lower Mantle
 Upper Mantle
Highy viscous layer that lies
between crust and the lower
mantle.
Extends up to 660 km and
consists of peridotite and
dunite, which are solid
ultramatic rocks made up of
olivine and pyroxine.
 Upper and Lower Mantle Rocks
Rocks in the upper mantle are
cooler and brittle enough to break
under stress.They can generter
Earthquakes.
Rocks at the lower mantle are hot
and soft. When subjected to
force,they do not
break;instead,they just flow along
their region.

*The lower limit of brittle behavior is the boundary

between the upper and the lower mantle.
Heat from the inner mantle is carried to the
upper mantle through convection currents.