BOILER

MOUNTINGS AND
ACCESSORIES
 Siddhant Singh (18119085)
 Shreyash Royzada (18119083)
 Shruti Jayarao (18119087)
 Shubhangi Agrawal (18119084)
1
 Kiran Kumar (18119086)
The Indian Boiler Regulation Act,
1923
• The Indian Boilers Act was formed in 1923, 23rd February to
consolidate and amend the law relating to steam boilers.
• The IBR covers the design, fabrication, inspection, testing and
certification of:
• Boilers or any boiler part including feed piping and fittings or
vessels attached thereto Boiler components, meaning
• steam piping
• feed piping
• economizers
• super heaters
• valves, including safety valves etc.
2
Definition of Boiler According to
IBR
• Steam boilers under IBR means any closed vessel exceeding
22.75 litres in capacity and which is used expressively for
generating steam under pressure and includes any mounting
or other fitting attached to such vessel which is wholly or
partly under pressure when the steam is shut off.

3
Why we need such regulations?
• A boiler is essentially a pressure vessel with pressure ranging
from 7 – 2,000 KPa for low and medium pressure boilers.
• At the epitome of boiler technology we have super critical
steam generation boilers which work at a pressure greater
than 22 MPa.
• Any error in handling the boiler can lead to fatal accidents.

4
Requisite Mountings and
Accessories according to IBR
• Two means of indicating water level
• A steam pressure gauge
• A steam stop valve
• A feed check valve
• A blow –down cock or valve
• Fusible plugs as provided under Regulation 331;
• An attachment for Inspector’s test gauge
• A manhole, where size and construction permit, and such mud holes
or sight holes as are necessary for effectively cleaning the boiler.
• In the case of boilers fitted with integral superheaters, an additional
safety valve shall be fitted at the end of the superheater outlet
header.
5
Mounting vs. Accessories
•Boiler Mountings
• The necessary devices installed or mounted for the
safety of boiler and its control are called boiler
mountings.

•Boiler Accessories
• The devices which are installed in the boiler for their
efficient operation and smooth working are called
Boiler Accessories.
6
Boiler Mountings for control

1. Pressure gauge
2. Junction or stop valve
3. Feed check valve
4. Blow-off cock
5. Man hole and mud hole
7
Boiler Accessories for efficient operation

1. Water heating devices.

2. Injector
3. Water feeding devices.
4. Super heater
5. Economizer
6. Air preheater 8
Section 1

BOILER MOUNTINGS 9
Boiler Mountings for safety
1. Two water level indicators – 2
2. Two safety valves.
3. Combined high steam and low water safety valve.
4. Fusible plug.

10
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

11
Working of Water Level
Indicator
• When steam cock and water cock opened, steam rushes from
upper passage and water rushed from lower from passage to
the glass tube.
• This will indicate the level of water in the boiler. Two ball are
places at the junction of metal tube. Under normal operating
condition the ball are kept. In case the glass tube is broken,
steam will rushes from upper passage and water from lower
passage due to pressure difference between boiler pressure at
atmospheric pressure. The ball are carrier along the passage
to and of glass tube and then closed passages.

12
 PRESSURE GAUGE
(Bourdon’s)
• Records gauge pressure

• Elliptical spring tube is also called

Bourdon tube and is made up of
special quality Bronze.

• Plug (P) is provided for cleaning the

siphon tube.

• Siphon is filled with cold water to

prevent the hot steam entering into
the bourdon tube and spring tube
remains comparatively cool.
13
Safety Valves
• Safety valve is a valve that act as a protection of equipment
from exploding or damaging and it is mainly installed in
pressure vessels such as boilers.
• Types of safety valves
• Dead Weight safety valve
• Lever safety valve
• Spring loaded safety valve
• High steam and low water safety valve

14
Dead Weight safety valve

Description
• Made of gun metal to
prevent rusting.
• When the steam pressure
in the boiler exceeds the
normal working pressure, it
lifts the valve with its
weight. The excess steam
therefore escapes through
the pipe to the
atmosphere, until the
pressure reaches its normal
value. 15
LEVER SAFETY VALVE

Description
The thrust of the lever with its
weight is transmitted to the valve by
the strut. When the steam pressure
exceeds the safe limit, the upward
thrust of steam lifts the valve from
its seat and the lever with its weight.
The excess steam escapes till the
pressure falls back to the normal
value. The valve then returns back to
its original closed position.

16
SPRING LOADED SAFETY
VALVE
Description
• It is loaded with a spring
instead of weights.
• When the steam pressure
exceeds the normal
working pressure , the
valves rise up against the
action of the spring and
allow the steam to escape
from the boiler till the
pressure in the boiler
reaches its working
pressure. 17
HIGH STEAM AND LOW
WATER SAFETY VALVE
Description
• Can detect both high
pressure and low water
level.
• When pressure increases
balance weight moves up
in order to open the valve.
• When water level falls
down a certain level float
moves down again to open
the valve and release the
excess pressure 18
FUSIBLE PLUG
Description
• Plugs P and R are made
up of Gun Metal.
• Plug S is made up of
Copper.
• Plug R is screwed to the
plug P.
• Plug S is locked into
plug R by a metal like
tin or lead
19
FEED CHECK VALVE
Description
• Feed check valve
works as NRV (Non-
return valve).
• Prevents the back flow
of water from the boiler
when the feed water
pump is either not
working or in case of
its failure.
20
• JUNCTION VALVE
• The valve placed directly on a boiler in order to regulate
the steam supply from boiler to steam pipe is called the
Junction Valve.

• STOP VALVE
• The valve used to regulate the steam supply from the
steam pipe to the prime mover (steam engine or steam
turbine) is called Stop Valve.

21
JUNCTION VALVE

22
BLOW-OFF COCK

23
MANHOLE
This is provided at suitable position on the boiler
shell so that the man can enter into boiler shell for
inspection, maintenance and repairs. This hole is
usually made in elliptical shape of the size
convenient for a man to enter through this hole. The
opening is closed by steam tight cover.
24
 STEAM TRAP
Steam trap is used to collect and automatically drain
away the water resulted from partial condensation of
steam without steam to escape with this condensate
through a valve. The valve after draining the
condensate is closed. Is presses the leakage of steam
from the trap.
25
Section 2

BOILER ACESSORIES 26
Water Feeding Devices
• Used to supply water while the boiler is in operation.
These devices include the use of feed pumps either
reciprocating type or centrifugal type.

27
INJECTOR
Description
• They are used to feed
the water to boiler either
by the steam by same
boiler or by using
exhaust stream.

28
SUPER HEATERS

Description
• A superheater is a device
used to
convert saturated
steam or wet steam
into superheated
steam or dry steam.
• There are three types of
superheaters: radiant,
convection, and
separately fired. 29
WATER HEATING DEVICES
• Used to heat the feed water before it is fed to boiler with
the help of steam of a steam engine.

• Heating of feed water can be carried out either by:

• Open Heater- Direct mixing
• Closed heater- Indirect convection

30
ECONOMISER
Description
• Economizers are mechanical
devices intended to
reduce energy consumption,
or to perform useful function
such as preheating a fluid.
• They are a device fitted to a
boiler which saves energy by
using the exhaust gases from
the boiler to preheat the cold
water used to fill it
31
AIR PREHEATER
Description
• An air preheater (APH) is
any device designed to
heat air before another
process (for
example, combustion in
a boiler) with the
primary objective of
increasing the thermal
efficiency of the process.
32
THANK YOU 33