a tour of new features

introducing

MACHINE LEARNING
 WHAT IS
MACHINE
LEARNING?
Introduction

Expert System 2017

Machine learning is an application of artificial
intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability
to automatically learn and improve from
experience without being explicitly
programmed.
Introduction

Expert System 2017

Machine learning focuses on the development
of computer programs that can access data and
use it learn for themselves.

The primary aim is to allow the computers

learn automatically without human
intervention or assistance and adjust actions
accordingly.
History of Machine Learning

• In 1959 while at IBM, Arthur Samuel, an

American pioneer in the field of computer
gaming and artificial intelligence, coined the
term “Machine Learning”.
~Connor Brereton
History of Machine Learning

• For the next several decades this area of

computer science lived in many research labs
within corporations and universities until
around 2010 when business began to see the
value in deep learning and its use in predicting
insights within massive datasets that were
being generated at corporations,
governments, and universities.
~Connor Brereton
SO WHAT IS
MACHINE
LEARNING?
Machine Learning

•Automating automation
•Getting computers to program themselves
•Writing software is the bottleneck

Let the data do the work instead!

TRADITIONAL PROGRAMMING

Data

COMPUTER Output

Program
MACHINE LEARNING

Data

COMPUTER PROGRAM

OUTPUT
Magic?

NO! it is more likely as gardening

Plant = Program

Gardener = You

Seeds = Algorithm
Nutrients = Data
Why Machine Learning is Important?

• Some tasks cannot be defined well, except by

examples (e.g., recognizing people).
• Relationships and correlations can be hidden
within large amounts of data. Machine
Learning/Data Mining may be able to find
these relationships.
• Human designers often produce machines
that do not work as well as desired in the
environments in which they are used.
Why Machine Learning is Important?

• The amount of knowledge available about

certain tasks might be too large for explicit
encoding by humans (e.g., medical
diagnostic).
• Environments change over time.
• New knowledge about tasks is constantly
being discovered by humans. It may be
difficult to continuously re-design systems “by
hand”.
Why Machine Learning is Important?

• The amount of knowledge available about

certain tasks might be too large for explicit
encoding by humans (e.g., medical
diagnostic).
• Environments change over time.
• New knowledge about tasks is constantly
being discovered by humans. It may be
difficult to continuously re-design systems “by
hand”.
 MACHINE
LEARNING
ALGORITHMS
Machine Learning Algorithms

Algorithm types Machine learning algorithms

can be organized based on the desired outcome
of the algorithm or the type of input available
during training the machine.
–Supervised learning algorithms are
trained on labeled examples, i.e., input
where the desired output is known.
Machine Learning Algorithms

–Unsupervised learning algorithms

operate on unlabeled examples, i.e.,
input where the desired output is
unknown.
–Semi-supervised learning combines
both labeled and unlabeled examples
to generate an appropriate function or
classifier.
Machine Learning Algorithms

– Reinforcement learning is concerned with

how intelligent agents ought to act in an
environment to maximize some notion of
reward from sequence of actions
– Other algorithms are:.
• Learning to learn
• Developmental learning
• Transduction
APPLICATION
OF MACHINE
LEARNING
APPLICATIONS
• Machine perception
• Object recognition
• Syntactic pattern recognition
• Medical diagnosis
• Brain-machine interfaces
• Detecting credit card fraud
• Classifying DNA sequences
• Speech and handwriting
recognition
• Software engineering
• Robot locomotion
• Computational finance
• Opinion mining
• Information retrieval
• Computer vision
• Natural language processing
• Search engines
• Bioinformatics
• Cheminformatics
• Stock market analysis
• Sequence mining
• Game playing
• Adaptive websites
• Computational advertising
• Structural health monitoring
• Affective computing
• Recommender systems
Machine Learning and Big Data
Advantages of Machine Learning
Disadvantages of Machine Learning
What’s
TO GODYour Message?
BE THE GLORY!