CEREAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

MUHAMMAD NUR SAIFULLAH ANSARI

2007292684
PREPARED FOR :
MDM. DAYANG AISAH HJ. ABG CHI
 INTRODUCTION

• Cereals, grains or cereal grains, are grasses

cultivated for the edible components of their fruit
seeds.
• Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities and
provide more food energy worldwide than any
other type of crop.
• In their natural form, they are a rich source of
vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats and oils,
and protein.
• In developed nations, cereal consumption is more
moderate and varied but still substantial.
 TYPES OF CEREAL
• Barley
• Oats
• Rice
• Wheat
• Corn or Maize
• Millet
 CEREAL PRODUCTION(MOST
REECENT) BY COUNTRY
• Average production every years:15,892
thousand metric tons.
• # 1 United Arab Emirates: 206 thousand metric tons
• # 2 Guyana: 185 thousand metric tons
• # 3 Jordan: 166 thousand metric tons
• # 4 Kuwait: 163 thousand metric tons
• # 5 Benin: 159 thousand metric tons
• # 6 Belize: 157 thousand metric tons
• # 7 Sudan: 156 thousand metric tons
• # 8 Ghana: 152 thousand metric tons
• # 9 China: 149 thousand metric tons
• # 10 Syria: 147 thousand metric tons
 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CEREAL
INDUSTRY
Since cereal industries produce a substantial amount of pollution, it is
becoming more and more imperative to solve this problem. As the constraints
related to environmental issues, enforced by legislation, are becoming quite
stringent, it is necessary to develop optimized systems for cereal waste
treatment.
 PREVENTION
• One way of dealing with cereal waste is to
reduce its creation. This attitude has been
promoted by campaigns from advisory and
environmental groups, and by concentrated
media attention on the subject.
 COLLECTION
• Collections have the advantage that cereal wastes can be
disposed of in ways not applicable to other wastes.
• To keep collection costs down and raise the rate of cereal
waste segregation, some local authorities, especially in
Europe, have introduced "alternate weekly collections" of
biodegradable waste, which enable a wider range of
recyclable materials to be collected at reasonable cost, and
improve their collection rates.
• Much kitchen waste also leaves the home through garbage
disposal units.
 DISPOSAL
• Like other waste, cereal waste can be dumped, but cereal waste can also
be fed to animals, or it can be biodegraded by composting or anaerobic
digestion, and reused to enrich soil.
• Cereal waste can be composted at home, avoiding central collection
entirely, and many local authorities have schemes to provide subsidized
composting bin systems. However, the proportion of the population willing
to dispose of their food waste in that way may be limited.
• Anaerobic digestion produces both useful gaseous products and a solid
fibrous "compostable" material. Anaerobic digestion plants can provide
energy from waste by burning the methane created from cereal and other
organic wastes to generate electricity, defraying the plant's costs and
reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Cereal waste coming through the sanitary sewers from garbage disposal
units is treated along with other sewage and contributes to sludge.
• DEGRADATION
 The process of degradation of organic bioreactive waste(cereal waste) in
landfills involves not only biological process but also inter-related physical
and chemical processes. The cereal waste are degraded by micro-
organisms in the landfill.
 The cereal waste can be classified into main biological groups represented
by proteins, carbohydrates and lipids or fats. Carbohydrates are by far the
major component of biodegradable wastes and include cellulose, starch
and sugars. Proteins are large complex organic materials composed of
hundreds or thousands of amino acids groups. Lipids or fats are materials
containing fatty acids. Five main stages of degradation of cereal waste is,
1. Site characteristics,
2. Waste characteristics,
3. Moisture content of the waste, temperature and acidity.
 INCINERATION
As an alternative to landfill, wastes containing combustible
material may be incinerated or combusted. Incineration is the
oxidation of the combustible material in the waste to produce
heat, water vapour, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Incineration of waste has a number of advantages over landfill;
i) Incineration can usually be carried out near the point of
waste collection.
ii) Incineration produces no methane.
iii) Waste incineration can be used as a low cost source of
energy.
iv) Incineration is the best practicable environmental option for
hazardous wastes.
BIOFERTILISERS
 CONCLUSION
• Cereal waste management is a vital process
which should be implemented in the cereal
process industry.
• Proper waste management and disposal
activities must be in adherence with the
EQA(Environment Quality Act) regulation
under the approval of DOE(Department of
Environmental).
•Thank You for your
attention