Design and Fabrication of Energy

Extraction System from Solar Energy

Submitted by Guided by:-
SAjay–(16UEME0196) Dr. Mohamed Iqbal . S
Ganesh Yashwant – (16UEME0071)
Manvendra Singh- (16UEME0129)

Batch no :-TML07

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 ABSTRACT

As now days we are facing the problem of increasing the efficiency of the
heating water from solar energy. At evening also we can get hot water due to
PCM material. This project is to design and fabricate a solar energy storage
device which can be achieved by heat exchanger. It can act as a thermal energy
storage device, and hence can be incorporated in solar PVT system. The
thermal energy storage device will act as energy storage which can be useful
for domestic purpose. The thermal conductivity and efficiency of the fluid can
be increased by using Nano fluid. Copper tube is going to place below the
PV/T collector so as to get maximum efficiency. Pump is used to circulate the
water into the system and thermocouple is attached to the copper tube which is
placed below the PV/T collector for measuring the temperature of the each
phase of the tube.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY

• Demirbas,M. fatih, “Thermal energy storage and phase change material : an

overview” Energy sources, part B ,1:85-95,2012.
• Karami N, Rahimi M. Heat transfer enhancement in a PV cell using
Boehmite Nano fluid. Energy converse manage;275-85,2018.
• Florian Romary AC, Jacques Sebastien, Schellmanns Ambroise. Thermal
modelling to analyze the effect of cell temperature on PV modules energy
efficiency;2015.
• BayazitogluY, OzisikMN. Elements of heat transfer. Singapore:McGraw-
Hill;2008.
• Manar Al- Jethelah , Syeda Humaira Tasnim ,Shohel Mahmud , Animesh
Dutta, Melting of Nano-PCM in an enclosed space: Scale analysis and heat
line tracking, Int. J.HeatMassTransf.119 841–859 ,2018.

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 SELECTION OF HEAT EXCHANGER
• A tube type heat exchanger is the simplest choice of heat exchanger.
Incorporation of phase change material is also easy in this type of
exchanger.
• A tube type heat exchanger is the simplest choice of the heatexchanger.
• The PCM material is in the outer part of the tube of heat exchanger.
• And water flows from the inner tube of heat exchanger.

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 SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR

• A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing sunlight.

• Integration of photovoltaic (PV) module and thermal system for the
production of electricity and hot water sequential from solar energy.

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 THERMAL STORAGE DEVICE
• The purpose of the storage tank is to act as a reservoir of water which
will be circulated in the circuit.
• The storage tank should be insulated to prevent any exchange of heat
through it.

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 PUMP

• The purpose of the pump is to create a circulation in the circuit.

• Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and
consume energy to perform mechanical work moving the fluid.

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 VALVE

• The purpose of flow control valve is to regulate the mass flow rate of the
heat transfer fluid through the circuit.
• The valve used in the circuit is a simple gate valve type valve.

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 THERMOCOUPLE WIRE

• The thermocouple wire used for temperature measurement is of k-Type.

• The thermocouple wires are incorporated at predetermined points.

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 COPPER TUBE

• The connecting pipes are used for flow of heat transfer fluid from one
component to another.
• Copper tubing is most often used for the supply of hot and cold tap water.

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 METHODOLOGY

Concentric
PV/T WATER
heat
COLLECTOR +NANOFLUID
exchanger

Thermal
energy
Storage tank storage +
PCM

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF OUR PROJECT

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 PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

• We have used paraffin wax material in the outer tube of the heat exchanger.
• The properties of the paraffin wax are as follows:-

Latent heat capacity 206 kJ/kg

Density 789kg/m3

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 CALCULATION

• Amount of heat energy stored during evening time

• Q=mCv(Tfinal-Tinitial)
• Let be the evening temperature of the atmosphere is 300C
• And we required hot water temperature is 500C
• Hence,
• m=mass of water (kg)
• Cv=4.187 kJ/kg
• Q=1*20*4.187
• Q =83.740 kJ(Amount of energy need to be stored)
• Mass of PCM to be incoperated =Q/(Latent heat)
• =0.406kg
• (We need 0.406 kg PCM for per litre of water)

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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

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 COST ESTIMATION

• Solar PV/T collector will be cost around 4500 INR.

• Copper tube 4780 INR.
• Storage tank will cost us 2000 INR.
• Pump and valve will cost around 3000INR.
• Heat exchanger 5000 INR.

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 CONCLUSION

• Thus we are able to store energy from the PV/T collector at sunshine and
use in non sunshine period.
• It is attached to the frame of aluminium, so as to give support. The pump is
used after the tank which will pump the water to the copper tube. As copper
will attach to the solar panel which cause it to heat parallel.
• The given arrangement can be used to store thermal energy in solar water
heating application. The cost to incorporate the system is also very
economical.

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