MACHINE SAFETY

ENGR. MICHAEL D. MARANTAL

DOLE-RO5/LABOR INSPECTOR
REGISTERED MECHANICAL ENGINEER
ACCREDITED OSH PRACTITIONER
FIRE SAFETY PRACTITIONER
SAFETY PROGRAM AUDITOR
TECHNICAL SAFETY INSPECTOR

Occupational Safety and Health Center

 Machine

• An assemblage of parts that transmit

forces, motion and energy in a
predetermined manner.
• Can be simple or compound

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Machine Safety
Industrial Revolution

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Machine Safety
 Mechanical Motions

• Rotating
• Reciprocating
• Traversing

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Machine Safety
 Rotating Motions

Rotating shaft and pulley with

projecting key and set screw

Rotating coupling with

projecting bolt Rotating pulley with spokes
and projecting burr

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Machine Safety
 Nip Points

• Rotating Parts in Opposite Direction

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Machine Safety
Nip Points

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Nip Points

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Reciprocating Motions

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Traversing Motions

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Machine Safety
 Mechanical Actions

• Cutting

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 Mechanical Actions

• Punching
• Shearing
• Bending

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Machine Safety
Where Mechanical Hazards
Occur

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 Importance of Machine Safety

• Cause of Severe Accidents

• Loss of Trained and Skilled Employee
• Loss of Production
• Damaged Equipment

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 Importance of Machine Safety

• Training Cost of New Employee

• Overtime
• Possible Litigation
• Accident Investigation

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Machine Safety
 Category of Machine Guards

• Preventing Access
• Preventing Dangerous Motion

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Machine Safety
 Preventing Access

• Fixed enclosing • Movable guards w/

guards interlocking
switches

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Machine Safety
 Preventing Access

• Two-hand controls

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 Preventing Access

• Pullback devices

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 Preventing Dangerous Motion

• Photo Electric Light Curtain

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 Preventing Dangerous Motion

• Light Curtain

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 Preventing Dangerous Motion

• Robotics Operation

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 Preventing Dangerous Motion

• Pressure sensitive • Pressure sensitive

safety mats edges

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Machine Safety
 Preventing Dangerous Motion

• Emergency Stops

• Emergency stop buttons

• Grabwire switches

• Telescopic trip switches

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Machine Safety
 Requirements for Safeguards

• Prevent contact
• Be secure and durable
• Protect against falling object
• Create no new hazard
• Create no interface
• Allow safe maintenance

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Machine Safety
 The Hierarchy of Measures

• Fixed enclosing guards

• Movable (interlocked) guards or protection
devices
• Protection appliances
• Provision of information, instruction, training &
supervision
• Personal Protective Equipment

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Machine Safety
Holder, Jigs, Push Sticks

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Appropriate PPE

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Machine Safety
 “Fatal Five” Main Causes of
Maintenance Injuries
• Failure to stop equipment
• Failure to disconnect from power source
• Failure to dissipate (bleed, neutralize) residual
energy
• Accidental restarting of equipment
• Failure to clear work areas before restarting

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Machine Safety
Lock-out/Tag-out System (LOTO)

A system designed to protect against the

unexpected startup of machine that is
supposed to be “OFF” or unexpected
release of energy

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Machine Safety
 Source of Hazardous Energy

• Electrical – sudden turning on of power source

or stored energy in capacitors
• Mechanical – such as compressed spring
• Thermal – such as steam or due to chemical
reaction
• Potential - stored energy that may be due to
gravity, hydraulics, pneumatics, vacuum or
springs

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Machine Safety
 Types of Lock-out Devices

• Plug Locks
• Ball Valve Lock-out
• Gate Valve Lock-out
• Group Lock-out Hasp
• Electrical
• Hydraulic, pneumatic and other pressurized
systems

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Types of Lock-out Devices

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Types of Lock-out Devices

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Types of Lock-out Devices

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 Lock-out Procedures

• Alert the operator(s) that power is being

disconnected
• Preparation for shutdown
• Equipment shutdown
• Equipment isolation
• Application of lock-out devices
• Control of stored energy
• Equipment isolation-verification

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Machine Safety
 Removal of Lock-out

• Ensure equipment is safe to operate

• Safeguard all employees
• Remove lock-out/tag-out devices. Except in
emergencies, each device must be removed by
the person who put it on
• Last person to take off lock
• Follow checklist

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Machine Safety
 Summary
• Machine guards are classified into: those that
prevent access and prevent hazardous motion
• Machine safety does not only include safety
while operating machines but also while
servicing and maintenance work
• It is not enough to provide machine guards, we
must also train our workers on machine safety
• Lock-out/tag-out system

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ANY QUESTIONS?

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