MALE AND FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Objective

Locate the major parts of the male reproductive

system.
Describe the function of the major parts of the
male reproductive system.
 Male Reproductive System

Vas Deferens
4
Seminal Vesicle 5
Ejaculatory Duct
8 Prostate Gland 6
Prostat
Urethra Cowper’s eGland 7
9

Epididymis 3
Penis
10
Scrotum 2
11 Glans
Testes 1
Male Reproductive System
Major Function: Makes sperm cells (gametes) which
can fertilize female gametes to produce a zygote.
Scrotum

• A pouch of skin
that hangs from
the body below the
pelvic cavity.

• Contains two
testes and their
associated ducts.
Scrotum
•
• The scrotum has a temperature of
about 93.2F ( 34c) - the rest of the
body is usually 98.6F

• Sperm formation
occurs most rapidly
at this cooler temp.
Scrotum

• Two muscles (the cremaster and the

dartos) pull the scrotum close to the
body when it is cold and relax when it
is warm.
Testes
 The primary reproductive organs of the male
reproductive system.
Seminiferous Tubules

-Are the specific location of

meiosis, and the subsequent
creation of male gametes,
namely spermatozoa.
 Epididymis
 The epididymis holds the
testes in place and
connects the testes to the
Vas Deferens.
Vas Deferens
 Drains the testes and epididymis, carrying
sperm to the pelvic cavity.
 The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that
travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to
just behind the bladder. The vas deferens transports
mature sperm to the urethra, the tube that carries
urine or sperm to outside of the body, in
preparation for ejaculation.
 The Prostate gland is a
male reproductive organ
whose main function is to
secrete prostate fluid, one
of the components of
semen.
 The muscles of the
prostate gland also help
propel this seminal fluid
into the urethra during
ejaculation
 The fluid excreted by the
prostate makes up about
one-third of the total volume
of semen and contains
various enzymes, zinc and
citric acid.
 Though prostate fluid is
slightly acidic, another fluid
in semen made by the
seminal vesicles leaves
semen slightly alkaline, or
Penis

 The penis delivers sperm into the female

reproductive tract.
Glans

 The enlarged end of the penis.

Prepuce

 Loose foreskin that covers the glans penis.

Penis

 The shaft of the penis is composed of

erectile tissue and the urethra.

The opening is called the

External urethral orifice.
Erectile Dysfunction
 Impotence is the inability of a man to have
an erection.
 Causes may include
 Injury to nerves, arteries, are muscles

 Medications for high blood pressure,

antihistamines, and depression

 Psychological factors such as anxiety, guilt,

depression, and fear of sexual failure cause up to
20 % of all cases
 Male Reproduction Vocabulary
Male Reproductive

Circumcision: a process that surgically removes the

flap of skin that covers the glans of the penis. This is
usually done a few hours or days after birth.

Smegma - substance that collects under the foreskin.

Ejaculation: the passage of sperm from the penis, a

result of a series of muscular contractions.

Semen: Contains sperm from the testes, sugar from

the seminal vesicles, and fluid from the prostate
gland. This fluid nourishes and helps sperm move
through the urethra.

Nocturnal Emission (wet dream): a normal,

involuntary ejaculation of semen while a male is
asleep.

Impotence: the failure to get or maintain an erection.

Vasectomy: surgical procedure for sterilization of the

male.
Time Line:

Infancy Erections begin

Ages 11-14 Secondary sex characteristics appear

Ages 13-16 Sperm produced in adult amounts

(puberty)

Late teens Peak sexual urges for boys

Throughout life If good health is present, there is the

sex urge and ability to father children.
 Male Reproductive System

Vas Deferens
4
Seminal Vesicle 5
Ejaculatory Duct
8 6
Prostate Gland

Urethra Cowper’s Gland 7

9

Epididymis 3
Penis
10
Scrotum 2
11 Glans
Testes 1
Female Reproductive System

 Produces eggs

 Provides location and nutrition for

the development of eggs
 Internal Female Reproductive System
Fallopian Tubes
3
2 Fimbria

Ovary 1 4 Uterus

5 Endometrium

Bladder 13

Urethra 12
6
Clitoris 11 Cervix

Labia Major 10

Labia Minor 9

Hymen Vagina Anus

8
7 14
The Ovaries

Size: 1.5 – 3 cm

Location:
positioned against
posterior wall of
pelvic cavity
Ovaries

 Produces female gametes and

hormones

 Female gametes are called ova

 Secrete the hormones estrogen and

progesterone
Close-up of Ovary
Quick Comparison

Female Structure Male Counterpart

Ovaries
Ova
Progesterone/
Estrogen
Ovarian Follicle
Quick Comparison

Female Structure Male Counterpart

Ovaries TESTES
Ova SPERM
Progesterone/ TESTOSTERONE
Estrogen
Ovarian Follicle SEMINIFEROUS
TUBULES
Overview of Ova Production

 Each ovarian follicle contains a single

oocyte (a cell that will become an
egg)

 The ovaries contain follicles in many

stages of maturation.

 One follicle reaches maturity every

Close-up of Ovary
THE FALLOPIAN TUBES OR
UTERINE TUBES
Ducts of the Female Reproductive
System
 Unlike the male reproductive system,
the female reproductive system is
open at the ovarian end
Ducts of the Female Reproductive
System
 Also unlike the male system, the
female reproductive ducts are
separate from the urinary system
Turn and talk

 Name at least 2 ways that the ducts

of the female reproductive system
are different from the male
reproductive system
Ducts: Uterine Tubes
Ducts: Uterine Tubes

 Begin at the end of the ovary

 The open end (hollow end) is open to

the ovaries

 The open end has fimbriae

Ducts: Fimbriae

Fimbriae
 Wrap partially
around ovaries
 Help sweep

oocytes into
ovarian tube
How do ooctyes get to the uterus?

 Fimbriae and cilia sweep ooctyes

and fluid toward the uterus

 Peristaltic contractions of the

smooth muscles also move ooctyes

 The uterine tube opens into the

Some drawbacks to the open-
ended design
 Some oocytes do not make it into the
uterine tube

 Some ooctyes are fertilized before

they reach the uterus. This egg will
be aborted by the body.
Name this structure
Name this structure
Name this structure
Name this structure
Quick Check

 Which reproductive organ in the

female is the counterpart to the
male testis?
Quick Check

 At ovulation, how does the oocyte

move to the uterus?
Quick Check

 What are two major differences

between the male and female
reproductive duct systems?
The Uterus

 Also known as the

womb
 Hollow organ

located behind
the bladder and
in front of the
rectum
 Layers of the Uterine Wall

 Outer Layer:
Perimetrium –
provides added and
support to the
uterus.
 Smooth muscle

layer: Myometrium –
Endometrium

 The layer which engulfs and

nourishes a fertilized egg

 This layer is shed during

menstruation
The Cervix

 The narrow passageway which

connects the lumen of the uterus to
the vagina
Quick Check

 List the 3 layers of the uterus

 Describe their location and role in

the reproductive system
 Vagina

 A thin-walled structure
below the uterus
 Called the birth canal
– baby passes through
it during birth
 Is an acidic
environment to prevent
bacterial infection
Quick Check

 Where is the uterus located?

Quick Check

How many layers does the

uterine wall have?
Quick Check

What connects the uterus to the

vagina?
 Vulva…
External Female Reproductive System
Mons Pubis

Clitoris

Labia Majora Opening of the

Uretha

Labia Minora Opening of the

vagina

Hymen
Perineum

Anus
 Abnormal pregnancies

 If the fertilized egg

implants somewhere
outside the uterus it is
called an ectopic
pregnancy.

 Implantation in the uterine

tube is called a tubule
pregnancy. This results in
a medical emergency.
Female Reproductive Vocabulary
 D&C(Dilation and Curettage) -a
common minor operation on
women. The canal of the
uterus is dilated and the lining
of the uterus is scraped with a
spoon-shaped instrument
called a curet.
 Endometriosis: presence in
abnormal locations of
fragments of the membrane
which lines the uterus
(endometrium).

 Episiotomy: is a surgical
incision through the perineum
 Hysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus,
either through an abdominal incision, or through
the vagina, which leaves no abdominal scar.

 Menarche: woman’s first menstrual cycle.

 Menopause: around the age of 45-55, the
menstrual cycle stops. A woman is no longer
capable of getting pregnant.
 Orgasm: Orgasm is
characterized by the massive
release of muscle tension
which has built up during
excitement.

 Ovulation: release of an egg

from the ovaries.

 Pap Smear: a test that can

detect cervical cancer and
some sexually transmitted
infections.

 Tubal Ligation: an
operation for sterilization of
women.
 PMS (Premenstrual
Syndrome): a syndrome
whose symptoms may
become incapacitating:
emotions get out of control,
headaches, water retention,
irritability, and painful uteral
cramps.



Line:
Ages 9-12 Secondary sex characteristics appear

 Ages 11-14 Menstrual cycle begins

 Late 20-30’s Peak sexual urges

 Ages 45-55 Menopause (cycle stops,

but sex urge continues)
Final Practice
 Compare the structures of the female
reproductive system to the male system

 Key Words:
 Ovary

 Ovarian Follicle
 Ooctye

 Uterine tube
 Fimbriae

 Uterus (and its 3 layers)