“Passive Fire Protection System”

SECTION 1
 Concept, General Application and Principles of
Operation
Passive Fire Protection

Passive fire protection – Fire protection features that are

incorporated into the building construction or building materials
that do not rely on active fire protection methods to limit fire
ignition, fire growth or material failure. Fire separations and
divisions, sprayed-on fire proofing and enclosing structural
members with noncombustible materials are examples of passive
fire protection.
Concept
 PFP protects buildings against "temperature generated" collapse until
the fire department arrives and can suppress the fire.

Fire resistance ratings up to 4-hours are acquired by use of PFP

materials

 PFP systems can provide an effective alternative to active systems for

protecting against device failures.

 Often used in remote locations where water or other active protection

media supplies are inadequate & where there are difficulties in handling
fire.

 PFP systems play a crucial role in achieving acceptable levels of life

safety and property protection in modern buildings, by limiting the
spread of fire and smoke and maintaining the stability of a structure.
Areas of Applications
 LPG industry
 Flammable liquids / solvent bulk storage
 Process operating units
 Warehousing
 Tunnels & Underground Transportation
 Buildings
 Nuclear Power Plants etc..
Principle of Operation
 Passive fire protection construction components
are used to resist, retard and isolate flames and
the associated smoke and fumes; they do not in
themselves extinguish flames hence they are
classed as 'passive protection'.
Commonly used Passive Fire Protection Components

• Fire Doors
• Coating
• Fire-resisting Ducts
• Cladding
• Cable Trays
• Enclosures
• Fire proofing
Fire Doors

 A fire door is a type of door, or closure used

within buildings to prevent the spread of fire.

 It is made of a combination of materials, such as

steel, gypsum, vermiculite-boards, which,
together, form a system.
Coating

 Coating prevents flame propagation on cables, thus

keeping a cable fire localized to its source, even if
some minor damage to the most exposed cables may
be sustained.
 Cable Coating applied of fire-retardants, which are
either endothermic reduce flamespread and smoke
development of combustible cable-jacketing.

Coated vs uncoated cable

Fire-Resisting Ducts

 Ventilation or extraction ducts designed to contain fire and the

products of combustion in a manner that does not allow passage to
other parts of the building from the compartment of origin for a
stipulated period.
Firestop

 Firestop systems protect against the passage of flames, deadly gases

and toxic smoke through openings that are created for penetrations,
joints and gaps in fire-resistive walls floors and floor/ceiling
assemblies.
 If you route your vent pipe through the wall between the house and
the garage, you will need to put a fire-stop around the pipe to maintain
the integrity of the wall.
Cable Trays
 Cable Tray Fire Sleeves are capable of stopping/delaying the spread of
fire and re-instating the fire rating of a wall that a cable tray passes
through.
Enclosures

 Boxes or wraps made of fireproofing materials, including fire-resistive

wraps and tapes to protect specialty valves and other items deemed to
require protect.
Fireproofing
 Refers to the act of making materials or structures more resistant to fire,
or to those materials themselves
 The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into
structural steel elements, that would otherwise lose their strength and
collapse in an accidental fire.

During fire After

Application Review – Specific Areas, Examples
and Modifications for Specific Applications
Buildings
 Fire Door
 Fire Seals
 Fire Coating
 Fire Proofing
 Enclosures
Power Plants
 Fire Doors
 Fire stop
 Fire Proofing
 Fire Walls
 Coating
 Cable trays
 Duct works
 Intumescent materials
Tunnels
 Fire Coating
 Fire Proofing
Applications in Tunnels
 Applications in Tunneling

Intermediate ceiling for ventilation and smoke extraction and

cable ducts to ensure functioning (left and right), Western Tube
of Elbtunnel, Hamburg
 Fire Protection in Tunnels and Underground
Transportation Facilities
In order to arrive at adequate constructional fire protection, the tunnel inner
shell has to be produced in such a way that
• no damage occurs through the effects of fire, which jeopardizes the
tunnel’s stability,
• there are no lasting deformations that affect the structure,which restrict the
tunnel’s serviceability,
• the tightness remains largely assured.
• it is imperative that the structure should not be too severely damaged or
destroyed as a result of fire.
Few more examples :
Armories Libraries
Assembly halls Mortuary chapels
Auditoriums Motion picture theaters
Bowling lanes Museums
Club rooms Passenger stations and
College and university terminals of air, surface,
classrooms, 50 persons underground, and marine
public transportation
Conference rooms facilities
Courtrooms Places of religious worship
Dance halls Pool rooms
Drinking establishments Recreation piers
Exhibition halls Restaurants
Gymnasiums Skating rinks
Theaters
Governing Standards
 NFPA 290 is a new fire test Standard to evaluate the fire performance
characteristics of passive protection materials utilized as a component of
a liquefied petroleum (LP) gas container.
 NFPA 221 : Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls.
 NFPA 80 : Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows.
 NFPA 703: Standard for Fire-Retardant Treated Wood and Fire
 NFPA 96: Standard for Ventilation Control
 BSI Standards: BS 476 pt. 20, BS 476 pt. 12, BS 476 pt. 22, BS 476 Sect.
31.1, BS 8214, BS 5588 Standards:
 NFPA 101 : Life safety code
 NFPA 105: Recommended Practice for the Installation of Smoke-Control
Door Assemblies.
 UBC 7-2, UL 110113, UL 10C, UL 1784
 AS 1530.4, ASINZS 1905.1, AS 1851.7, AS/NZS 1530.7, AS 1851.6, AS 3959
Inspection and Testing Parameters
Inspection
 Inspect the right Label on the product before
installing
 Inspect the product for its certification
 All accessible components of fixed fire-fighting
systems are visually inspected for proper condition
Testing
 All testing methods are followed as according to
the document provided by the manufacturer.
Rules and Format
 A key design requirement for passive fire
protection systems concerns public safety - the
guarantee of a specific resistance / retardation
time increases the time available for the
evacuation of a building. Times vary between 30
minutes up to 4 hours retardation, dependent on
the particular product and application.
Wet coating thicknesses for paint by BC-Brandschutz -Farbe

Design rules
 At 1000 g/m wet = apprx. 0.55 mm dry
thickness layer (minimum)
 At 1600 g/m wet = apprx. 0.90 mm dry
thickness layer (higher protection -
recommended dry thickness layer)
 At 2400 g/m wet = apprx. 1.35 mm dry
thickness layer (higher HCl-gas-
absorbability)
Formula
Area of cable = Perimeter of cable * length of cable

Quantity of Paint = 3.5Kg/Sq.m (30 mins rating)

Effects of coating :
 Reduction of fire risk of the fire occurring on
electrical cables
 Prevention of spreading of flames along the
cables
 Reduction of emission of highly corrosive and
toxic combustible gases in case of a fire
 Reduction of energy release rate in case of a fire
 Prevention of secondary fire hazard from
burning drops and reduction of cable after-
burning
Product description
 The products should be environmental friendly,
waterborne and free from asbestos and solvents
 Easy and economical application
 Should be permanently resilient and non-
hygroscopic
 Unproblematic re-installation of cables (threads
etc. to be covered during application)
 Application by brush, roller, trowel or airless-
spraying equipment possible
 Tools are easily cleanable with water (may
adding some neutral-cleaner)
 No damages of cable sheeting's, insulations and
supporting constructions by the coating
The scope of application for Passive Fire
Protection is in following areas

 Structural fire protection

 Safe escape routes and sage refuge for occupants.
 Compartmentation and containment of fire spread
 Preserving the function of active fire safety measures.
 Life safety of fire service personnel.
Thank You