ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
A TOOL, NOT THREAT
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ?
• The study of computer systems that attempt to model and apply the intelligence of the
human mind.
• It is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviour in
computer.
• Basically, "Putting human intelligence into machines".
• " The study of intelligent behaviour and the attempt to find ways in which such behaviour
could be engineered in any type of ARTIFACT "
• " Artificial Intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things at which, at the
moment , people are better" - Rich and Knight
• " AI is a theory of how the human mind works" - Mark Fox
• " Artificial Intelligence is the behaviour by a machine that, if performed by a human, would
be called intelligent"
WHO INTRODUCED AI ?

Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, John

McCarthy ( 1927-2011 ) was the first to introduced the term
Artificial Intelligence.

"Dartmouth conference"-On August 31,1955 he called a

conference that got all the main people in the field of AI
together to lay the foundation for the AI industry.

However, a full 6 years before that, mathematician Alan Turing,

also known as “father of computer science” introduced a
concept that is now known as Turing Test. It is described in his
paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” Turing posed the
question: “Can machines think?” However, instead of getting
caught up in defining “machine” and “intelligence,” he proposed
an experiment known as the “Imitation Game.”
HISTORY SO FAR
 • Artificial Intelligence is the general field that covers everything
HOW AI WORKS ? that has anything to do with imbuing machines with
“intelligence,” with the goal of emulating a human being’s
unique reasoning faculties. Machine learning is a category
within the larger field of artificial intelligence that is
concerned with conferring upon machines the ability to
“learn.” This is achieved by using algorithms that
discover patterns and generate insights from the data they are
exposed to, for application to future decision-making and
predictions, a process that sidesteps the need to be
programmed specifically for every single possible action.
• Deep learning, on the other hand, is a subset of machine
learning: it’s the most advanced AI field, one that brings AI the
closest to the goal of enabling machines to learn and think as
much like humans as possible.
• In short, deep learning is a subset of machine learning, and
machine learning falls within artificial intelligence. The
following image perfectly encapsulates the interrelationship of
the three.
TYPES OF AI

• Artificial
Intelligence can be
divided in various types,
there are mainly two types
of main categorization which
are based on capabilities
and based on functionally of
AI.
 1. Weak AI:
• Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated
TYPE 1 : task with intelligence. The most common and currently
available AI is Narrow AI in the world of Artificial Intelligence.
BASED ON
• Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it
CAPABILITIES is only trained for one specific task. Hence it is also termed as
weak AI. Narrow AI can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes
beyond its limits.
• Apple Siri is a good example of Narrow AI
2. General AI:
• General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any
intellectual task with efficiency like a human.
• The idea behind the general AI to make such a system which
could be smarter and think like a human by its own.
3. Super AI:
• Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which
machines could surpass human intelligence, and can perform
any task better than human with cognitive properties. It is an
outcome of general AI . Super AI is still a hypothetical concept
of Artificial Intelligence.
 1. Reactive Machines

TYPE-2: • Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial Intelligence.
Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future
BASED ON actions. These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as
per possible best action.
FUNCTIONALITY • IBM's Deep Blue and Google's AlphaGo system is an example of reactive
machines.
2. Limited Memory
• Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a
short period of time.
• Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems.
These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars,
speed limit, and other information to navigate the road.
3. Theory of Mind
• Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs,
and be able to interact socially like humans.
4. Self-Awareness
• Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will
be super intelligent, and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and
self-awareness.
 STATISTICAL AI SYMBOLIC AI

VS

• Pattern recognition ( image, shape, • Planning ( autonomous space mission )

sound )
• Reasoning ( diagnosis, design, decision support )
• Motor skills ( robot )
• Language generation ( conversations )
• Speech generation ( sound )
• Search engines
• Search engine
APPROCHES

1. Cybernetics and brain simulation

2. Symbolic

Cognitive Simulation

Logic Based

Anti logic or scruffy

Knowledge based

3. Sub Symbolic

Bottom up

4. Statistical
TOOLS FOR AI

• Search and Optimization

• Logic

• Probabilistic method for uncertain reasoning

• Classifiers and Statistical learning methods

• Neural networks

• Control theory

• Languages
 APPLICATION

Artificial Intelligence has various

applications in today's society. It is
becoming essential for today's time because
it can solve complex problems with an
efficient way in multiple industries, such as
Healthcare, entertainment, finance,
education, etc. AI is making our daily life
more comfortable and fast.

Following are some sectors which have the

application of Artificial Intelligence:
AI IN SPACE

AI and ML can be used to simplify the

operation of satellite communications, it
helps human analysts to extract
maximum value from imaginary.

Rover are currently roaming the surface

of Mars, these robots must make some
decision without any higher orders. To
make their own decisions, the rovers uses
a driving system that uses AI to detect the
obstacles that it can avoid and determine
the best route for travel.
AI IN HEALTHCARE

In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming

more advantageous for the healthcare
industry and going to have a significant
impact on this industry.

Healthcare Industries are applying AI to

make a better and faster diagnosis than
humans. AI can help doctors with diagnoses
and can inform when patients are
worsening so that medical help can reach to
the patient before hospitalization.
AI IN GAMES

AI can be used for gaming purpose.

The AI machines can play strategic games

like chess, where the machine needs to
think of a large number of possible places.

What you do in the game will determine

how the computer reacts.

Pub-G and Free fire are examples of AI

games.
AI IN DATA SECURITY

The security of data is crucial for every

company and cyber-attacks are growing
very rapidly in the digital world. AI can be
used to make your data more safe and
secure. Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2
Platform, are used to determine software
bug and cyber-attacks in a better way.
AI IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter,

and Snapchat contain billions of user
profiles, which need to be stored and
managed in a very efficient way. AI can
organize and manage massive amounts of
data. AI can analyse lots of data to identify
the latest trends, hashtag, and requirement
of different users.
AI IN TRAVEL &
TRANSPORT
AI is becoming highly demanding for travel
industries. AI is capable of doing various
travel related works such as from making
travel arrangement to suggesting the hotels,
flights, and best routes to the customers.
Travel industries are using AI-powered
chatbots which can make human-like
interaction with customers for better and
fast response.
 AI IN AUTOMOTIVE
INDUSTRY

Some Automotive industries are using AI to

provide virtual assistant to their user for
better performance. Such as Tesla has
introduced Tesla Bot, an intelligent virtual
assistant.

Various Industries are currently working for

developing self-driven cars which can make
your journey more safe and secure.
 AI IN ROBOTICS

Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role

in Robotics. Usually, general robots are
programmed such that they can perform
some repetitive task, but with the help of
AI, we can create intelligent robots which
can perform tasks with their own
experiences without pre-programmed.
Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI
in robotics, recently the intelligent
Humanoid robot named as Erica and Sophia
has been developed which can talk and
behave like humans.
AI IN
ENTERTAINMENT

We are currently using some AI based

applications in our daily life with some
entertainment services such as Netflix or
Amazon. With the help of ML/AI algorithms,
these services show the recommendations
for programs or shows.
AI IN AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is an area which requires

various resources, labour, money, and
time for best result. Now a day's
agriculture is becoming digital, and AI is
emerging in this field. Agriculture is
applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid
and crop monitoring, predictive analysis.
AI in agriculture can be very helpful for
farmers.
 AI IN E-COMMERCE

AI is providing a competitive edge to the

e-commerce industry, and it is becoming
more demanding in the e-commerce
business. AI is helping shoppers to
discover associated products with
recommended size, colour, or even brand.
 AI IN EDUCATION

AI can automate grading so that the tutor

can have more time to teach. AI chatbot can
communicate with students as a teaching
assistant.

AI in the future can be work as a personal

virtual tutor for students, which will be
accessible easily at any time and any place.
 AI IN MILITARY

In high performance fighter aircraft speech

recognizer have been operated successfully
with applications including : setting radio
frequencies, commanding an autopilot
system, setting steer-point co-ordinates and
weapons release parameters, controlling
flight displays
 PROGRAMING LANGUAGE USED IN AI
PROLOG ( PROGRAMMING IN LOGIC )
• Where other programming languages tell the
computer how to do something, PROLOG tells the
computer what to do.
• PROLOG does this by reasoning out the variables
and parameters stored in the computers memory,
• The key to PROLOG programming is writing clear,
precise parameters.
• With these precise variables and parameters
PROLOG is able to use its built-in reasoning
mechanism called “backtracking” to solve any
user-entered queries.
LISP ( LIST PROCESSOR )
• List – Important information arranged in an
ordered sequence.
• The flexibility of LISP allow the programmer to use
a wide range of things from system programs to
system processes without having to state them in
advance.
• This Flexibility is allowed because LISP doesn’t use
a backtracking mechanism, however one can easily
be equipped to the processor.
• LIPS has several features that make development
easier’ which has it viewed as a programming
standard.
PROS
• Precision and Accuracy
• Space Exploration
• Used for mining process
• Can do laborious tasks
• Fraud detection, manage records
• Can do repetitive and time-consuming task
• Robotic pets, Robotic radiosurgery
• Function without stopping, Risk Reducing
• Diagnosis and treatment
CONS
• Cost incurred in the maintenance and repair
• Lacking the emotional side
• Not able to act any different
• Lack the human touch
• Lack a creative mind
• Lack common sense
• Create Unemployment
• Abilities human may diminish
• Robot superseding humans
• Humans may became dependent on machines
• Wrong hand cause destruction
 THE DISTANT FUTURE
• AI and robots are far behind computers but it’ll only
be a matter of time before they become as regular as
cell phones are in our everyday life.
• Ray Kurzweil has used Moore’s law (Which describes
the relentless exponential improvement in digital
technology with uncanny accuracy) to calculate that
desktop computers will have the same processing
power as human brains by the year 2029, and that by
2045 artificial intelligence will reach a point where it is
able to improve itself at a rate that far exceeds
anything conceivable in the past.
• Several Futurists and science fiction writers have
predicted that human beings and machines will merge
in the future into Cyborgs that are more capable and
powerful than either. This idea, called trans-
humanism.
 CONCLUSION

Even though, the human brain is highly capable and is the most intelligent being, the future is bright to develop
machines which can think.

The may also happen that one day the machines may start ruling over us, because of their better intelligence and
ability.