PATTERNS IN PARAGRAPH

DEVELOPMENT
NARRATION
Is a story written to explain what,
when, and who? It reveals what a
reader should learn. Narration
paragraphs use the past form of the
verb and usually written in
chronological order.
DESCRIPTION
Rich descriptive words that
put a picture of a person,
place or an object in a
reader’s mind.
 DESCRIPTION
Is a paragraph explaining a term or subject, so your
audience comprehends the topic of the paragraph. This can
be done in three different ways: Synonym, class, and
Negation.
Synonym - explaining the term by using the words that mean the
same thing
Class - when you put your topic in a broad category to explain
your term
Negation - the writer first says something is not, and then says
what it is
EXEMPLIFICATION
It develops a general
statement - the topic sentence
with one or more concrete
examples.
CLASSIFICATION
This paragraph clearly defines
something and place it in
group according to some basis
or rule so that it only fits in one
group.
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Paragraph compares two subjects and
discusses how they are alike and lists a
few examples. In contrast paragraphs,
two subjects are discussed as how they
are different, again, listing a few
examples.
TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS USED IN
COMPARISON:
In the same way and, also, also
As well as both, neither
Each of just as so
Similarly like
Too the same
TRASITIONAL EXPRESSION USED IN
CONTRAST:
Although whereas
But however
Conversely on the other hand
In contrast while, yet
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Paragraphs that analyses the causes
and effects of a certain situation.
Cause - a reason for, or events leading
Effect - the results of a cause or causes
TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
To show causes
The first cause (second, third) Another factor
The first reason (second, third) because
Is caused by Results

To show effects

One significant effect One important effect
A third outcome as a result
Consequently then, next, therefore, thus, so
HOW TO AVOID PROBLEMS IN
CAUSE AND EFFECT WRITING?
1.Do not oversimplify.
2.Do not confuse time order with
causation.
3.Do not confuse causes and effects.
PROBLEM SOLUTION
A method for analysing and
writing about a topic by
identifying a problem and
proposing one or more
solutions.
ORGANIZING A PROBLEM-SOLUTION ESSAY
A.Introduction - identify the problem. Explain why this is a problem,
and who would be concerned about it.
B. Problem Paragraphs - explain the problem clearly and accurately.
Demonstrate that this is not just a personal complaint, but a
genuine problem that affects people.
C.Solution Paragraphs - offer a concrete solution to the problem,
and explain why this is the best one available.
D.Conclusion - reemphasize the importance of the problem and the
value of your solution.
PERSUASION
This paragraph means to convince the
reader that your opinion on an issue or
subject is the right one.
Example: advertisements are persuading you
to buy a particular product or a family is
always trying to convince you to do something
or that they are always right
METHODS OF PERSUASION
Facts - a statement of what is
Referring to authority - an expert who can be relied on to
give unbiased facts and information
Predicting the consequence - helps the reader visualize
what will occur if something does or does not happen
Answering the opposition - answering possible critics show
you are aware of the opposing opinion and can respond
to it
TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS FOR PARAGRAPHS OF PERSUASION
Giving Reasons Answering the opposition Drawing Conclusions

First (second, third) of course Therefore

Another, next some may say thus
Last, finally nevertheless Hence