SOILD WASTE MANAGEMENT

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 COURSE OBJECTIVE

To familiarize students with basics of environmental

sciences , disaster & waste management

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 SYLLABUS

• Waste Management: Municipal Solid Waste Management, Waste

Collection, Storage and Transport. Waste Disposal - Key issues and
features. Waste Processing Techniques. Source Reduction, Product
Recovery and Recycling. Recovery of Biological Conversion
Products: Composts and Biogas. Composting and Biogasification
Technology. Hazardous Waste: Management and Treatment.
Integrated Waste Management (IWM).

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 SYLLABUS

• Solid Waste Management Act :Municipal Solid waste ( Management

& Handling ) Rules 2000, Waste Management Rules 2016 (
Amendments )

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 WASTE

Waste - Waste (also referred to as rubbish,

trash, refuse, garbage, or junk) is unwanted or
unusable materials. In living organisms, waste is
the unwanted substances or toxins that are
expelled from them. More commonly, waste
refers to the materials that are disposed of in a
system of waste..

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 TYPES OF WASTE
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes especially
common as co-disposal of wastes

Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap

iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from

ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources

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 HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or
potentially harmful to human health or the environment

• Ignitability - Ignitable wastes create fires under certain conditions or are

spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F).

• Corrosivity - Corrosive wastes are acids or bases (pH less than or equal to 2
or greater than or equal to 12.5) that are capable of corroding metal
containers, such as storage tanks, drums, and barrels.

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 HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Reactivity - Reactive wastes are unstable under "normal" conditions. They can
cause explosions, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors when mixed with water.

• Toxicity - Toxic wastes are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed (e.g.,
containing mercury, lead, etc.). When toxic wastes are disposed of on land,
contaminated liquid may drain (leach) from the waste and pollute ground water.
Toxicity is defined through a laboratory procedure called the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP).

• Major types: Organics and Heavy Metals, Radioactive wastes

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 HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous wastes -hazardous waste is waste Non-hazards waste-
that poses substantial or potential threats to Ordinary refuse
public health or the environment. Agricultural or crop wastes
Corrosive waste
Toxic waste
IGNITABLE waste
Reactive waste
Organic waste
Meatal waste
Infectious or biological waste
Radioactive waste

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 SOURCES OF WASTE

Agriculture

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Fisheries

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 SOURCES OF WASTE

Households

Commerce and Industry

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 TYPES OF WASTE

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 IMPACTS OF WASTE
1. FLIES- Most common in this category is he housefly, which transmits
typhoid,salmonellosis,gastro-enteritis and dysentery.
2. Mosquitoes –They transmit disease such as malaria,filaria and dengue fever.
3. Roaches these cause infection by physical contact and can transmit typhoid ,cholera and
amoebiasis.
4. DISEASE VECTORS AND PATHWAYS: Waste dumped indiscriminately provide the
food and environment for thriving population of vermin ,which are the agents of various
disease
5. Rodents-Rodents proliferate in uncontrolled deposits of solid wastes, which provide a
source of food as well as shelter. Spread of disease such as murine typhus,leptospirosis
,rat bite fever ,dalmonelosis,trichinosis .

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 IMPACTS OF WASTE
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS-
Worker handling waste s are at risk of accidents related to the marine and lack of safety
precaution. Infections associated with waste handling include-skin and blood infections ,eye and
respiratory infections .
ANIMALS –Apart from rodents, some animals (e.g. dogs ,pigs)also act as carriers of disease., pig
spread of disease like trichinosis,cysticerosis and toxoplasmosis.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT-
AIR POLLUTION-Burning of solid waste in open dumps or in improperly designed incinerators
emit pollutants to atmosphere.
Water and land pollution
water pollution result from dumping in open areas and storm water drains and improper design
,construction and operation of sanitary landfill.
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 IMPACTS OF WASTE

ODOR POLLUTION- Due to presence of decaying organic matter are

characteristic of open dumps.

EXPLOSION HAZARDS-Landfill gas ,which is released during anaerobic

decomposition processes ,contains a high proportion of methane (35-73%).

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 IMPACTS OF WASTE

VISUAL POLLUTION-The aesthetic sensibility is offended by the unsightliness

of piles of waste on the roadside.

NOISE POLLUTION – this is due ton movement of vehicles ,the operation of

large machines and the diverse operation s at an incinerator site.

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 HARMFUL IMPACT OF WASTE
DISPOSAL METHODS

HARMFUL IMPACT DUE TO UNCONTROLLED DUMPING-

 One of the primary health risk of dump is spreading of diseases people can
exposed to diseases from dump site by following source.
 Clinic waste contact with disease organisms can occur also by accidentally
touching unburned clinic wastes
 Household pets can transfer disease from person to another if your
dumpsite is unfenced.
 Insects like mosquitoes can also transfer disease organism from wastes to
humans.
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 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

WATER POLLUTION- These include tipping floor runoff system wash water.ash
quench water and water from pollution control system.
LAND –RETAINED POLLUTION – It originate as stack or fugitive emission .
RESIDUE DISPOSAL-It produces a variety of residues such as large quantity of
bottom ash, and unburnable material ,the process also produce a lighter emission
known as Fly ash.
NOISE POLLUTION – Truck traffic is the greatest source of noise pollution p in
the incineration plant operation.
AESTHAETIC IMPACT-proper site landscaping and building design can help
minimize negative aesthetic impacts.

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 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

DUMP SCAVENGING &WASTE HAULING –Not Surprisingly more someone

visits the dump greater their exposure to health risks & injury They are more
likely to come into contact with disease pathogens or more likely to breathe
toxic fumes from hazardous waste

SITE ACCIDENTS-Having often means that you are visiting accident

happenings.
Finally the uncontrolled dumping can have a direct environmental effect by
contaminating soil and underground waters

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 HAZARD DUE TO LANDFILL
LANDFILL GAS EMISSION-
Trace components .These comprise mostly alkanes and alkenes and their
oxidation product such as alcohols and esters..,Many of them is recognized as
toxicants
LANDFILL GAS consist of mixture of flammable ,asphyxiating, and noxious gases
and may be hazardous to health and safety ,and hence the need for precautions.
Global warming ;know also as a green house effect .it is the warming of the
earth’s atmosphere by the accumulation of gases (methane.,carbon dioxide ) that
absorb reflected solar a radiation.
Explosion and fire. Methane is flammable in air within the range of 5-15% by
volume, while hydrogen is flammable within range of 4.1-7.5%.
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 HAZARD DUE TO LANDFILL

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF LANDFILL

Movement of waste collection vehicles ,emptying of waste from them

compactors ,earthmoving equipment etc produce noise.
Birds ,vermin, insects and animals rare attracted to the landfill for feeding and
breeding.
Surface run-off ,which has been in contact with land filled waste, may be a
problem in areas of intense rainfall.
Gas released as a result of degradation of waste components causes odour ,
flammability ,health problems and a damage of the vegetation.
Wind blown liter and dust is also a big problem.
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 COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon learning the problems related to environmental waste students will be

able to segregate the waste in different categories and will learn its effective
management techniques

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 FAQs

 Give various source of solid waste.

 Define the term waste and radioactive waste

 Define the term hazardous waste and agricultural waste.

 Enlist the impacts of improper handling of solid waste .

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 REFERENCES

• ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY B.K. SHARMA

• WIKIPEDIA

• ENVIRONMETAL SCIENCE BY DR. NAVNEET KAUR

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