PRESENTED BY:

• GETUBIG , ALLISON M.
• ITABLE , MIRELOU A.
• OPENION, ABEGAIL C.
• PANAO, FRENZ NIKKO DAVE T.

• PONTICA , JASON B.
• COMEO , MARLOU
• GERILLA , ROBERT
• SOSING , GIOVANNE JR.

DESIGN OF SURFACES AND

GUIDEWAYS
DESIGN- is the intentional creation of a plan or specification
for the construction of an object or system or for the
implementation of an activity or process.

SURFACES - the term surface refers to Roadway

pavement which includes Portland Cement concrete,
treated soil (gravel or other aggregate materials).

GUIDEWAYS- a structure , usually made of concrete ,

that is used to support and guide trains or individual
vehicles that ride over it.
Is the durable surface material laid down on an area
intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road
or walkway.

 Highway pavement or pavement is a structure consisting of

superimposed layers of selected and processed materials whose
primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle load to the sub
grade.

 A multi layer system that distributes the vehicular loads over a larger
area
 PAVEMENT COMPONENTS
 Sub-grade Course- The original soil lying below the layers
designated as the base and sub-base materials. On fill road
section, sub-grade consists of imported materials taken from
nearby roadway cuts or from borrow pit.

 Sub-base Course- The earth beneath the road, properly

arrange and graded, compacted and stabilized. It is defined
as the supporting structure on which the pavement surface
and its special under-courses rest.

 Base Course- is the materials laid on top of the sub-base

consisting of crushed stone or gravel, sometimes mixed with
asphalt binders.

 Surface Course- is the material laid over the base course

consisting of Asphalt or Portland Cement Concrete. It
provides a smooth and safe riding.
 FUNCTIONS OF THE PAVEMENT

 Reduce and distribute the traffic loading so as

not to damage the subgrade

 Provide vehicle access between two points

under all-weather conditions

 Provide safe, smooth and comfortable ride to

road users without undue delays and excessive
wear & tear

 Meet environmental and aesthetics

requirement – Limited noise and air pollution

 Reasonable economy
 TWO PAVEMENTS TYPES
• A flexible pavement is a structure that maintains intimate
contact with and distributes load to the sub grade and
depends on aggregate interlock, particle friction and
cohesion for stability
FLEXIBLE • It is a structure which distributes the traffic loading stresses to
PAVEMENT the soil (sub grade) at a magnitude thatwill not shear or distort
the soil

•Rigid pavements are those, which contain sufficient beam strength to

be able to bridge over the localized sub-grade failures and areas of
in adequate support.
•Load is transmitted through beam action of slab in rigid pavements.
RIGID •Rigid pavements are those, which reduces the stress concentration
and distributes the reduced stresses uniformly to the area under the
PAVEMENT slab
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
TYPES OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Conventional flexible pavements are layered systems with
high quality expensive materials are placed in the top where
stresses are high, and low quality cheap materials are placed
in lower layers.
Full - depth asphalt pavements are
constructed by placing bituminous layers
directly on the soil sub- grade. This is more
suitable when there is high traffic and local
materials are not available.

Contained rock asphalt mats are constructed by

placing dense/open graded aggregate layers in
between two asphalt layers. Modified dense graded
asphalt concrete is placed above the sub-grade will
significantly reduce the vertical compressive strain on
soil sub-grade and protect from surface water.
RIGID PAVEMENT
BASIC COMPONENT OF CONCRETE
PAVEMENT
 TYPES OF RIGID
PAVEMENT
Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement:
are plain cement concrete pavements constructed with closely
spaced contraction joints. Dowel bars or aggregate interlocks are
normally used for load transfer across joints. They normally has a
joint spacing of 5 to 10m.
Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement:

Although reinforcements do not improve the structural capacity

significantly, they can drastically increase the joint spacing to 10
to 30m. Dowel bars are required for load transfer. Reinforcements
help to keep the slab together even after cracks
Continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP) is a type of
concrete pavement that does not require any transverse contraction
joints. Transverse cracks are expected in the slab, usually at intervals of
1.5 - 6 ft (0.5 - 1.8 m). CRCP is designed with enough embedded
reinforcing steel (approximately 0.6-0.7% by cross-sectional area) so
that cracks are held together tightly. Determining an appropriate
spacing between the cracks is part of the design process for this type
of pavement.
 ADVANTAGES
CONCRETE ROADS

 Durability and maintenance free life

 Vehicles consume less fuels
 Resistant to automobile fuel spillage and extreme
weather
 Greener process
 Saving of natural resources

ASPHALT ROADS
 Economical
 Recycle
 Safe
DISADVANTAGES
CONCRETE ROADS
Paving cost
Maintenance problem
Safety

ASPHALT ROADS

Durability
Weather pollution
SOURCES
• https://prezi.com/livwekokx9lp/surfaces-and-guideways/

• https://studymoose.com/surfaces-and-guideways-essay

• https://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/tvm/1100_LnTse/401_lnTse/plain/plain.html

• https://www.slideshare.net/ranjansingh001/ppt-on-pavement-design
QUIZ