PRESIDENCY UNIVERISTY, BENGALURU

School of Engineering

Microprocessors and Microcontroller Lab

CSE 254

IV Semester 2018-19
 MICROPROCESSOR

• A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) which

incorporates core functions of a computer’s central
processing unit (CPU).
• It is a programmable multipurpose silicon chip,
clock driven, register based, accepts binary data as
input and provides output after processing it as per
the instructions stored in the memory.
8086 Microprocessor features

• Single +5V power supply

• Clock speed range of 5-10MHz
• capable of executing about 0.33 MIPS (Millions instructions per
second)
• 8086 microprocessor is a 40 pin IC.
• It is 16-bit processor having 16-bit ALU, 16-bit registers, internal data
bus, and 16-bit external data bus resulting in faster processing.
• It uses two stages of pipelining, i.e. Fetch Stage and Execute Stage,
which improves performance.
• Fetch stage can pre-fetch up to 6 bytes of instructions and stores
them in the queue.
• It has 256 interrupts.
8086 PIN DIAGRAM
8086 Architecture
 Processor Manufacturers/Designers

• Intel
• AMD
• Qualcomm
• NVIDIA
• IBM
• Samsung
• Motorola
• Hewlett-Packard (hp)
• Dell
• Acer
• VIA
• Marvell
• Global Foundries
• Media Tek
Microprocessor Programming

• Microprocessor programming languages can typically be divided into three main types:

o machine language

o assembly language

o high-level language

• Microprocessors are typically programmed using semi-English-language statements

(assembly language)

• An assembly language is a low-level programming language for microprocessors and

other programmable devices. It is not just a single language, but rather a group of
languages. An assembly language implements a symbolic representation of the machine
code needed to program a given CPU architecture.

• Assembly language is also known as assembly code.

• An assembly language is the most basic programming language available for any
processor. With assembly language, a programmer works only with operations that are
implemented directly on the physical CPU.
Assembler

• An assembler is a program that converts assembly language

into machine code. It takes the basic commands and
operations from assembly code and converts them into binary
code that can be recognized by a specific type of processor.
Assembler Examples:
• Flat Assembler (FASM)
• GNU Assembler (GAS)
• High Level Assembly (HLA)
• Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM)
• Netwide Assembler (NASM)
• Turbo Assembler (TASM)
• Open Watcom Assembler (WASM)
Microcontroller
Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller
First Assembly Program to Print “ HELLO WORLD” Message

.model small ;defines the memory model to be used for the ALP
.data ;data segment begins here
msg db 10d,13d,"Hello World$" ;String Hello World gets stored in msg

.code ;code segment begins here

mov ax,@data ;moving base address of data to ax
mov ds,ax ;moving contents of ax into ds
;data section now gets initialized
lea dx,msg ;load the offset address of msg
mov ah,09h ;to display contents at dx
int 21h ;call the kernel

mov ah,4ch ;to terminate the program

int 21h ;call the kernel
end ;end of program
Steps to Execute Assembly Language programs
1) Install DOSBOX 0.74

2) Launch DOSBOX, By default it will be in Z drive <Z:\>

3) Change the drive to that, in which MASM is installed
mount c c:\
4) C:
5) C:\> cd masm
6) C:\:masm> Edit filename.asm
7) C:\:masm> Masm filename.asm;
8) C:\:masm> Link filename.obj;
9) C:\:masm> CV filename.exe
THANK YOU