CROSS-SECTIONAL ELEMENTS:-

 THOSE FEATURES WHICH DEAL WITH IT’S

WIDTH SUCH AS:-
 RIGHT OF WAY WIDTH
 ROADWAY WIDTH
 PAVEMENT WIDTH
 CENTRAL RESERVATIONS(MEDIAN)
 SHOULDER
 CAMBER
 SIDE SLOPES
 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CLEARANCE ETC.
RIGHT-OF-WAY:-
 ALSO CALLED ROAD LAND WIDTH & IS THE
WIDTH OF LAND SECURED AND PRESERVED TO
THE PUBLIC FOR ROAD PURPOSES.
 IT SHOULD BE ADEQUATE TO ACCOMADATE ALL
THE ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP THE CROSS-
SECTION OF THE HIGHWAY
 PROVISION FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
 IN ORDER TO PREVENT RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
ALONG HIGHWAYS, IT IS NECESSARY TO
ESTABLISH BUILDING LINES AND CONTROL LINES
 BUILDING LINE IS A LINE PRESCRIBING THE
NEAREST LIMITS OF FUTURE BUILDINGS IN
RELATION TO A ROAD
 CONTROL LINE IS A LINE WHICH REPRESENTS
THE NEAREST LIMITS OF FUTURE
UNCONTROLLED BUILDING ACTIVITY IN
RELATION TO A ROAD. THIS SIGNIFIES THAT
THOUGH BUILDING ACTIVITY IS NOT TOTALLY
BANNED B/W THE BLDG. LINE & CONTROL LINE,
THE NATURE OF BLDS. PERMITTED IS
CONTROLLED
CARRIAGEWAY WIDTH:-
 GENERALLY, A WIDTH OF 3-4 MTS. IS ADOPTED
FOR EACH TRAFFIC LANE
 IN INDIA, SINGLE LANE PAVEMENTS ARE
GENERALLY 3.75 MTS. WIDE, WHEREAS TWO
LANE PAVEMENTS (WITHOUT RAISED CURBS)
ARE 7.0 MTS WIDE
 WHEN RAISED CURBS ARE PROVIDED, TWO LANE
PAVEMENTS ARE MADE 7.5 MTS. IN WIDTH.
 FOR MULTI LANES PAVEMENTS, INDIAN
PRACTICE IS TO PROVIDE 3.5 MTS. PER LANE
 SINGLE LANE PAVEMENTS IN INDIA ARE OFTEN
PROVIDED WITH PAVED SHOULDER 0.9 MT. WIDE
ON EITHER SIDE TO FACILITATE CROSSING AND
OVERTAKING
 FOR VILLAGE ROADS, A CARRIAGEWAY WIDTH OF
3.0 MTS. IS GENERALLY DEEMED SUFFICIENT.
CENTRAL RESERVATIONS(MEDIAN):
 A CENTRAL RESERVATION OR A MEDIAN IS THE
LONGITUDINAL SPACE SEPARATING DUAL
CARRIAGEWAYS. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE
CENTRAL RESERVATIONS ARE:-
 TO SEPARATE THE OPPOSING STREAMS OF
TRAFFIC
 TO MINIMISE HEAD LIGHT GLARE
TO INCLUDE SPACE FOR SAFE OPERATION OF
CROSSING AND TURNING VEHICLES AT
INTERSECTIONS AT GRADE
 TO PROVIDE A STOPPING AREA IN CASE OF
EMERGENCIES

 FOR RURAL AREAS: 3.0 – 5.0 MTS.

 FOR URBAN AREAS: 1.2 - 5.0 MTS.

• AS FAR AS POSSIBLE, THE MEDIAN SHOULD BE OF

UNIFORM WIDTH IN A PARTICULAR SECTION OF
HIGHWAY
• HOWEVER, WHERE CHANGES ARE UNAVIODABLE
A TRANSITION OF 1 IN 15 TO 1 IN 20 MUST BE
PROVIDED
SHOULDERS:-
 IT IS THAT PORTION OF THE ROADWAY
CONTIGUOUS WITH THE TRAVELLED WAY AND IS
INTENDED FOR ACCOMODATION OF STOPPED
VEHICLES, EMERGENCY USE AND LATERAL
SUPPORT OF BASE AND THE SURFACE COURSES
 THE WIDTH OF THE SHOULDER SHOULD BE
ADEQUATE FOR GIVING WORKING SPACE
AROUND A STOPPED VEHICLE
 CURRENT INDIAN PRACTICE FOR 2-LANE ROADS
SUGGESTS A SHOULDER WIDTH OF 2.5 MTS. FOR
RURAL ROADS
CURBS(KERBS):-
 A CURB IS A VERTICAL OR SLOPING MEMBER
ALONG THE EDGE OF A PAVEMENT OR
SHOULDER FORMING PART OF A GUTTER,
STRENGHENING OR PROTECTING THE EDGE,
AND CLEARLY DEFINING THE EDGE TO VEHICLE
OPERATORS
 ITS FUNCTIONS ARE:-
 TO FACILITATE AND CONTROL DRAINAGE
 TO STRENGTHEN AND PROTECT THE PAVEMENT
EDGE
 TO DELINEATE THE PAVEMENT EDGES
 TO PRESENT A MORE FINISHED APPEARANCE
 TO ASSIST IN THE ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF
THE ROADSIDE
CAMBER:-
 ALSO KNOWN AS CROSS-SLOPE, FACILITATES
DRAINAGE OF THE PAVEMENT
 THE PAVEMENT CAN HAVE A CROWN OR A HIGH
POINT IN THE MIDDLE WITH SLOPES DOWNWARDS
TOWARDS BOTH THE EDGES
 THIS TYPE IS FAVOURED ON TWO-LANE ROADS &
WIDER UNDIVIDED ROADS
 ON DIVIDED ROADS, THE INDIVIDUAL CARRIAGEWYS
MAY BE CENTRALLY CROWNED SEPARATELY OR A
UNIDIRECTIONAL SLOPE MAY BE PROVIDED ACROSS
THE ENTIRE CARRIAGEWAY WIDTH
 THE AMOUNT OF CAMBER TO BE PROVIDED
DEPENDS UPON THE SMOOTHNESS OF THE
SURFACE AND THE INTENSITY OF RAINFALL
 GENERALLY A CAMBER OF 1-4% IS PROVIDED
 THE CROSS-SLOPE FOR THE SHOULDERS
SHOULD BE GENERALLY STEEPER THAN FOR THE
PAVEMENT BY ABOUT 0.5% TO FACILITATE QUICK
DRAINAGE SUBJECT TO A MINIMUM OF 3%
SIDE SLOPE:-
 THE SLOPE OF EMBANKMENTS AND CUT
SECTIONS DEPEND UPON THE TYPE OF SOIL AND
THE HT. OF EMBANKMENT OR DEPTH OF
CUTTING
 A FLATTER SLOPE IS CONDUCIVE FOR EROSION
CONTROL, BUT IS COSTLY
 FLAT SLOPES OF EMBANKMENTS PROMOTE
SAFETY OF TRAFFIC
LATERAL & VERTICAL CLEARANCES:
 LATERAL CLEARANCE IS THE DISTANCE B/W THE
EXTREME EDGE OF THE CARRIAGEWAY TO THE
FACE OF A STRUCTURE
 VERTICAL CLEARANCE IS THE HT. ABOVE THE
HIGHEST POINT OF THE TRAVELLED WAY TO THE
LOWEST POINT OF THE OVERHEAD STRUCTURE
 IF FOOTHPATHS ARE PROVIDED, THE LATERAL
CLEARANCE SHOULD BE THE WIDTH OF THE
FOOTHPATHS PLUS ONE METRE
 THE MINIMUM VERTICAL CLEARANCE SHALL BE
ATLEAST 5 MTS.
 HOWEVER, IN URBAN AREAS, THIS SHOULD BE
INCREASED TO 5.5 MTS SO THAT DOUBLE
DECKER BUSES COULD BE ACCOMMODATE.

TYPICAL CROSS-SECTIONS:-
THESE ARE ONLY ILLUSTRATIVE CROSS-SECTION
AND A LARGE VARIETY OF COMBINATIONS IS
POSSIBLE:-