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DASAR ILMU TANAH REAKSI KEMASAMAN TANAH DAN PH
DASAR ILMU TANAH REAKSI KEMASAMAN TANAH DAN PH
&
REAKSI TANAH
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Reaksi Tanah
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Nilai pH beberapa material
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Deskripsi untuk kisaran pH tanah
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Tanah mempunyai ciri yang khas
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
pH Tanah vs. Komposisi Kation
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Persen Kejenuhan Basa (KB)
Basic cations: Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Formula
• Cation exchange capacity is the sum of
all cations on the exchange complex
• % Base
saturation = (Ca++, Mg++, K+, Na+) x 100
Cation Exchange Capacity
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Impact of soil pH on net charge of noncrystalline aluminum
oxide. At low pH, H ions become bound to Al and Fe oxides
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Credit: Pedosphere.com
pH Tanah vs. Kation pada Kompleks Pertukaran
(Brady and Weil, 1996)
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Pelarutan Al(OH)3 Amorf
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Mekanisme Penyangga (Buffering)
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Tipe Kemasaman Tanah
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Klasifikasi Kemasaman Tanah
- - + + + -
- + + +
- - +
- - + +
Clay +
surface -
- + + + Bulk solution
- + + + -
-- + + -
+
-
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Ketersediaan Hara
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Pengasaman
PengasamanTanah
Tanah
Deposisi Asam
Nitric (HNO3) + Sulfuric (H2SO4 ) acids
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Pengasaman Tanah
Sumber: www.environment.ualberta.ca/SoilsERM/lecture6/Lecture6.ppt
Influence of Soil Moisture on Soil Solution Chemistry and Concentrations of
Minerals in the Calcicoles Phleum phleoides and Veronica spicata Grown on a
Limestone Soil
APARNA MISRA and GERMUND TYLER
. Veronica spicata dan Phleum phleoides adalah tanaman calcicole , terutama terjadi pada tanah
netral atau alkali . Eksperimen 16 minggu dilakukan di rumah kaca untuk mengelusidasi
pengaruh tingkat kelembaban tanah thd kimia larutan tanah , dan konsentrasi biomassa dan
penyerapan hara oleh tanaman . Tujuh tingkat kelembaban tanah, sesuai dengan 35 ± 85 %
kapasitas menahan air ( WHC ) dari tanah diuji .
Konsentrasi larutan tanah HCO3 , P dan Mn, dan pH meningkat , sedangkan konsentrasi Ca ,
Mg , dan Zn menurun dengan
meningkatkan kelembaban tanah. Konsentrasi K yang tertinggi di 50 ± 70 % WHC . Konsentrasi
dan jumlah P , Zn dan Mn dalam dua spesies berhubungan dengan konsentrasi larutan tanah ;
hara ini kelarutannya rendah dan ketersediaannya rendah pada tanah berkapur .
Konsentrasi hara dalam biomassa lebih dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban tanah untuk V. spicata
daripada P. phleoides . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa P. phleoides lebih mampu mengendalikan
serapan hara, sedangkan V. spicata sensitif terhadap variasi kelembaban tanah .
Hal ini menyimpulkan bahwa variasi rejim kelembaban tanah sangat mempengaruhi konsentrasi
hara larutan tanah berkapur dan serapan hara oleh tanaman .
Kalau pH tanah
mendekati 4.5, Al-tukar
mulai berkurang dan
pada pH lebih dari 6
hanya sedikit sekali ion
Al+++ yang tersedia
bagi tanaman.
Sumber: http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/grape/pool/nutrition.html
.pH dan Toksisitas Cu
Cu menjadi lebih
tersedia pada kondisi pH
rendah.
Toksisitas Cu biasanya
berkaitan dnegan
aplikasi fungisida Cu ke
tanah masam.
Sumber: http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/grape/pool/nutrition.html
.pH Tanah
pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+)
concentration. When water ionizes to H+ and OH- (a neutral solution),
both H+ and OH- ions are in equal concentrations of 0.0000001 moles
per liter. That is a very small concentration.
pH = Log 1/[H+]
Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm
.pH Tanah
When the hydrogen concentration isgreater, such as 0.0001 moles per liter, the pH is 4;
when it is smaller, such as 0.00000001, the pH is 8. One thing to remember is that
when the pH changes from one unit to another, the change in the hydrogen ion
concentration is a ten-fold change, not just one. So a pH of 5 is ten times more acid than
a pH of 6 and 100 times more acid than a pH of 7.
Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm
.pH Tanah
Sources of H+ ions in the soil :
1. Dissociation of carbonic acid (H2CO3),
which forms readily in soils when CO2
is present;--- H2CO3- ---> CO2 + H +
+HCO3-
2. Asam organik formed during the
decomposition of organic matter;
(5) uptake of positive ions by plant roots
3. Pembakaran batubara in electrical and the resulting release of H+ by the root
power plants releases sulfur to the to balance internal charge.
atmosphere which is added to soils 1. pH is < 4.0=indicates that the soil
during precipitation as sulfuric acid, and contains free acids probably as a result
fertilizers containing sulfur, which adds of sulfide oxidation
H+ ; 2. pH is < 5.5=indicates that the soil's
4. Konversi NH4+ menjadi NO3- exchange complex is dominated by Al
3. pH is < 7.8=soil pH is controlled by a
melepaskan H+ selama siklus N atau
range of factors
ketika pemupukan nitrogen.
4. pH is > 7.8=indicates that the soil
contains CaCO3
Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm
.pH Tanah
Tanah-tanah cenderung menjadi lebih masam karena:
Sumber: http://www.swac.umn.edu/classes/soil2125/doc/s12ch1.htm
.pH Tanah Pertanian
Sumber: Hardy DH, Tucker MR, Stokes CE. 2014. Crop fertilization based on North Carolina
soil tests. Raleigh (NC): North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,
Agronomic Division. Circular No. 1.
Efek pH Tanah thd Ketersediaan Hara
Sumber: http://www.summitfertz.com.au/agronomy_soil_pH.html