Wireless Multi-Functional Smart Robot

For Border Security surveillance With

Real time Object Recognition
 Introduction
Border surveillance is the most important task in the field of national defense and security. To maintain
peace and to ensure safety of a country’s people, the borders need to be kept under 24/7 monitoring.
Especially, under current circumstances, when activities like terrorist infiltrations and illegal movement of
both living as well as non-living beings have become common, it becomes of utmost importance to strictly
protect the border areas against such activities. To curb such happenings on the border areas, the least
that can be done is to provide constant monitoring. In current scenario, this monitoring takes place
manually by the border security forces which are responsible for continuously keeping an eye on the
borders. It takes a lot of manpower and assets as the borders are stretched across hundreds of miles and
have extreme terrain as well as climatic conditions. Hence, the need of the hour is to design an automated
border surveillance system which can perform the surveillance task without requiring any human
assistance. It can eliminate the need of deploying humans at hostile conditions at all the times. Moreover,
in case if something suspicious is detected by the system, it must be able to take the necessary decisions
and hence actions along with issuing alert messages for the human controllers. The central control rooms
can be set up at a distance from the border area. Once the human controller is aware of the intrusion, it
is upon him to decide the next course of action. Such systems if deployed successfully, can not only save
resources but also can reduce the risk to human life significantly. However, complete automation of border
surveillance is not yet attainable due to safety constraints but surely such systems can provide assistance
and can work in collaboration with the defense forces and thus, making the country’s borders secure.
 Need for the Surveillance Robots
Border surveillance (BS) is the most important task in the field of national defense and security.
To maintain the peace and to ensure safety of the borders it needs to kept under 24/7
monitoring. Especially, under the current circumstances, like Illegal immigration, importing,
implanting explosive device, terrorist activities are common challenges occur in our country
border. To curb such happenings on the border areas, the least that can be done is to provide a
continuous monitoring. The edge of a country border spreads to several thousand heaps for
which human surveillance is more challenge and may lead to loss of human life. To overcome the
problem in this paper a new Wireless Multifunctional Smart Robot for Border Security
Surveillance with Real Time Object Recognition (OR) system is introduced the proposed robotics
system is based on IOT and OR. This method mechanically senses the interruption form the
strangers and sends the photos to the admin that categorized which kind of object is to be
capture in the image sensor with the help of Navy biases algorithm the Human action has been
detected. The multi-sensor Smart robot is proficient for sensing motion using Passive and also
Infrared Sensor, poisonous gas using Gas sensor, fire or blast using Flame Sensor, high
temperature using Temperature sensor, Camera for capturing the activities in the border,
ultrasonic sensor for detecting any obstacles and GPS is used for tracking the location. Any
trespasses, bombs, harmful gases, fire and other dangerous situations are sensed and sent to the
server. This system detects the dangerous conditions near the border and saves the life
immediately without any loss of human life.
 Literature Survey
In this segment, a study of ongoing procedures in observation security framework with its favorable
position, constraints are talked about. In this situation, brief assessments of some significant commitments
to the current strategies are displayed.

1. Annu Maria Alex,et al., [12].As innovation increments new dangers and dangers emerge towards
national security. To improve the fringe security, sensor innovation and PC preparing force can be utilized.
In our task a self-sufficient shrewd robot is utilized which is upgraded with a video observation camera
for identifying the trespasser, advise adjacent control unit and to check whether a gatecrasher is
recognized and fire if fundamental. PIR movement sensor is utilized for identifying the trespassers.

2. Mervin Elsa Jose,et al., [13].proposed a rational framework is required which joins different
innovations to make a progressively exact and effective frameworks. Outskirt security is a significant
factor worried for some countries. It controls unlawful violations in the nation. By executing an enormous
number of robots the security levels can be expanded. A solitary robot could just screen a neighborhood
more robots could distinguish interlopers in a worldwide territory. Progressively number of sensors can be
incorporated for more security.

3. SinseeBosch,et al., [14].designed present security strategies to defend our fringes hence usage of
android-based robot for outskirt security could be progressively useful. It lessens human association in the
fringes. This strategy diminishes the hazard in the lives of our troopers. PIR sensor is utilized to track
movement of gatecrasher and camera for video reconnaissance. This framework gives greater security
and decreasing the danger of troopers.
4. ArunKumar,et al., [15].The primary reason for this paper is to depict you how this framework functions,
how the innovation which is utilized in this framework works and how it encourages the fighters to verify the
outskirts of our nation. This is an electronic framework which is actualized on various fencing areas of
outskirt, on the spots where there is no fencing on fringes and where watching of the officers is troublesome
or even inconceivable.

5. DhanajayMishmash,et.al., [16].Implemented the created robot and versatile security framework for the
nation fringes. They accept that our framework is exceptionally disentangled and have the highlights that
other outskirt security frameworks does not have at versatility level. Our framework can be improved by
doing the progressions as indicated by the necessities. The exactness and accuracy of the framework can be
improved by utilizing different sensors and it will give great and precise outcomes with high accuracy
 System Design

Power Supply

PIR Sensor

Flame IOT
Arduino Raspberry Pi
Sensor Platform
MC

Ultra
Sonic
Sensor
Raspberry
pi
Motor + Camera
Driver
Circuit
Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi (/paɪ/) is a series of small single-board computers developed in the
United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote teaching of basic computer
science in schools and in developing countries. The original model became far more
popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It does
not include peripherals (such as keyboards and mice) or cases. However, some
accessories have been included in several official and unofficial bundles.
The organisation behind the Raspberry Pi consists of two arms. The first two models were
developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. After the Pi Model B was released, the
Foundation set up Raspberry Pi Trading, with Eben Upton as CEO, to develop the third
model, the B+. Raspberry Pi Trading is responsible for developing the technology while the
Foundation is an educational charity to promote the teaching of basic computer science in
schools and in developing countries.
According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, more than 5 million Raspberry Pis were sold by
February 2015, making it the best-selling British computer. By November 2016 they had
sold 11 million units, and 12.5m by March 2017, making it the third best-selling "general
purpose computer". In July 2017, sales reached nearly 15 million. In March 2018, sales
reached 19 million.
Most Pis are made in a Sony factory in Pencoed, Wales. Some are made in China and
Japan.
Raspberry Pi Camera
The Raspberry Pi camera module can be used to take high-definition
video, as well as stills photographs. It’s easy to use for beginners, but has
plenty to offer advanced users if you’re looking to expand your
knowledge. There are lots of examples online of people using it for time-
lapse, slow-motion and other video cleverness. You can also use the
libraries we bundle with the camera to create effects.
If you’re interested in the nitty-gritty, you’ll want to know that the
module has a five megapixel fixed-focus camera that supports 1080p30,
720p60 and VGA90 video modes, as well as stills capture. It attaches via
a 15cm ribbon cable to the CSI port on the Raspberry Pi. It can be
accessed through the MMAL and V4L APIs, and there are numerous
third-party libraries built for it, including the Picamera Python library.
The camera module is very popular in home security applications, and in
wildlife camera traps.
You can also use it to take snapshots.
Features
•5MP sensor
•Wider image, capable of 2592x1944 stills, 1080p30 video
•1080p video supported
•CSI
•Size: 25 x 20 x 9 mm
 Arduino Nano
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community
that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for
building digital devices. Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public
License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of
Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available
commercially in preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards ('shields') or breadboards (For prototyping) and other circuits. The
boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on
some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The
microcontrollers can be programmed using C and C++ programming languages. In addition
to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.

The Arduino project started in 2005 as a program for students at the Interaction Design
Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and
professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and
actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include
simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors.

The name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders of the project
used to meet. The bar was named after Arduin of Ivrea, who was the margrave of the March
of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014.
 Ultra-Sonic Sensor

Ultrasonic transducers or ultrasonic sensors are a type of acoustic sensor divided into three broad categories:
transmitters, receivers and transceivers. Transmitters convert electrical signals into ultrasound, receivers convert
ultrasound into electrical signals, and transceivers can both transmit and receive ultrasound.

In a similar way to radar and sonar, ultrasonic transducers are used in systems which evaluate targets by
interpreting the reflected signals. For example, by measuring the time between sending a signal and receiving an
echo the distance of an object can be calculated. Passive ultrasonic sensors are basically microphones that detect
ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions.

The design of transducer can vary greatly depending on its use: those used for diagnostic purposes, for example
the range-finding applications listed above, are generally lower power than those used for the purpose of changing
the properties of the liquid medium, or targets immersed in the liquid medium, through chemical, biological or
physical (e.g. erosive) effects. The latter class include ultrasonic probes and ultrasonic baths, which apply
ultrasonic energy to agitate particles, clean, erode, or disrupt biological cells, in a wide range of materials
PIR Sensor

A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an

electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from
objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-
based motion detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in
security alarms and automatic lighting applications.
PIR sensors detect general movement, but do not give
information on who or what moved. For that purpose, an active
IR sensor is required.
PIR sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes
"PID", for "passive infrared detector". The term passive refers to
the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy for detection
purposes. They work entirely by detecting infrared
radiation (radiant heat) emitted by or reflected from objects.
Flame Sensor
The Flame Sensor Module can detect flames in the 760 – 1100
nanometer wavelength range. Small flames like a lighter flame can
be detected at roughly 0.8m. The detection angle is roughly 60
degrees and the sensor is particularly sensitive to the flame
spectrum.

An on-board LM393 op-amp is used as a comparator to adjust the

sensitivity level. The sensor has a digital and analog output and
sensitivity can be adjusted via the blue potentiometer.

This Flame Sensor Module is used to detect fire/flame source or

other light sources of the wavelength in the range of 760nm – 1100
nm. It is based on the YG1006 sensor which is a high speed and
high sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor. Due to its black epoxy,
the sensor is sensitive to infrared radiation.

The sensor can be a great addition in a firefighting robot, it can be

used as a robot eyes to find the fire source. When the sensor
detects flame the Signal LED will light up and the D0 pin goes LOW.

The module has 2 outputs: Analogue, which gives a real-time

voltage output signal on thermal resistance, and digital which allows
temperature thresholds to be set via a potentiometer.
 Conclusion & Future Work
The proposed system could be a great help in enhancing the security of our border regions especially, the
areas facing extreme climatic or terrain conditions where human deployment is a major peril. Although the
system may not be able to provide advanced border security but can surely provide solutions to border
security surveillance on a small scale. As the system detects intruder, an alert message is generated along
with the transfer of the snapshot of the intruder to the main system. Then, the appropriate steps are taken to
eliminate the threat as the location of generation of the signal is also available. The smart border
surveillance system can not only assist the defense forces to enhance the security of border areas but also can
help save a considerable amount of labor and assets. It involves the use of advanced technology keeping in
mind the cost effectiveness of the constituent modules of the system with a goal that any infiltration
recognized at the border can instantly be transmitted and results in a necessary move. Appropriate utilization
of the system may help our border security forces to control those unwanted and suspicious exercises in a
better and accurate way.

In future, we can design this system for use on a larger scale. As with passing time the technology is constantly
improving, the system can be equipped with more advanced and sophisticated hardware. The proximity
sensors, object detection mechanism and response mechanism, if made using state-of-the-art technology, can
make the working of the proposed system even more accurate and time-saving. As of now, this research will
further be extended to design and develop the surveillance system based on the above proposed
architecture. Moreover, the experiments will be conducted, and the results recorded for further retrieval.
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