THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK

THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK

THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK

CAPITAL : COPENHAGEN
AREA : 42,933 Sqkm
POPULATION : 5,785,864
DENSITY : 134.76/Sqkm
DEMONYM : DANISH/Dane

The gilded side of the TRUNDHOLM SUN CHARIOT

dating from the Nordic Bronze Age.
ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
VIKING AGE
ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
ROMANESQUE STYLE

ST. BENDT'S CHURCH, 1170 ØSTERLARS CHURCH ,1150

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
GOTHIC STYLE

ST. CANUTE'S CATHEDRAL,1300 ST. PETER'S CHURCH,1375

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
RENAISSANCE PERIOD

FREDERIKSBORG CASTLE,1590 ROSENBORG CASTLE,1624

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
BAROQUE PERIOD

LEDREBORG PALACE,1745 VAN HAVEN,1696

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
ROCOCO STYLE

Amalienborg Palace,1760 Gammel Strand 48,1750

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
NEOCLASSICISM & CLASSICISM

LISELUND,1790 COPENHAGEN COURT HOUSE,1815

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
NATIONAL ROMANTICISM

HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE,1875 FREDERIK'S CHURCH,1894

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
NORDIC CLASSICISM

Danish Museum of Art & Design,1907 GRUNDTVIG'S CHURCH,1930

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
MODERNISM

BELLAVISTA (APARTMENTS),1934 Aarhus City Hall,1940

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
POSTMODERNISM

SCANIDINAVIAN CENTER,1995 TYCHO BRAHE PLANETARIUM,1989

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD

MOUNTAIN DWELLINGS,2008 COPENHEGEN OPERA HOUSE,2004

ARCHITECTURE OF DENMARK
PIONEER MODERN DANISH ARCHITECTS

ARNE JACOBESON Jørn Utzon Bjarke Ingels

1902 - 1971 1918 - 2008 1974 -
NORTH JUTLAND ART MUSEUM

ARCHITECT : HUGO ALVAR HENRIK AALTO, ELISSA AALTO &

JEAN-JACQUES BARUËL,
PERIOD : MODERNISM,
ESTABLISHED : 1972,
LOCATION : ALBORG, DENMARK.
ALVAR AALTO
 ALVAR AALTO
BIOGRAPHY :
o Alvar Aalto was born on February 3, 1898, in Kuortane, Finland.
o He studied architecture at the TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF HELSINKI and graduated in 1921.
o In 1925 he married his fellow student Aino Marsio, who worked as his collaborator until
her death in 1949.
o In 1928 he was already a recognized architect and was invited to the INTERNATIONAL
CONGRESS OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE, the most important architecture conference at
the time, in which famous architects like Le Corbusier took part.
o He lived and worked away from Finland for several years, during both Finnish- Russian
wars.
o He lived in Boston (MA, USA), where he worked as a professor at THE MASSACHUSETTS
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (MIT).
o In 1952 he married Elsa Mäkiniemi, also an architect who worked with him until his
death.
o He died on May 11, 1976, in Helsinki, Finland.
 ALVAR AALTO
PHILOSOPHY :
o He was known for his humanistic approach to be first on
Nordic Modernism.
o Aalto's career spans the changes in style from Nordic
Classicism to purist International Style Modernism to a more
personal, synthetic and idiosyncratic Modernism.
o He was prefer to creating a total work of art which is termed
as Gesamtkunstwerk.
o His style is regarded as both romantic & regional.
o He used complex forms and varied materials, acknowledged
the character of the site , organic thinking and gave attention
to every detail of building.
o His architecture conveyed a variable, lively temperament,
free from dogma and without monotony.
 ALVAR AALTO
Early career : CLASSICISM

South-West Finland Agricultural Cooperative building,Finland, 1928 Bell tower of Kauhajärvi Church, Lapua, 1923
 ALVAR AALTO
EARLY CAREER : FUNCTIONALISM

VIIPURI LIBRARY,1935 PAIMIO SANATORIUM,1933

 ALVAR AALTO
MID CAREER: EXPERIMENTATION

Auditorium of the University of Technology

Helsinki,1966
 ALVAR AALTO
MID CAREER: EXPERIMENTATION

Villa Mairea
Noormarkku,1939 Baker House,1948
 ALVAR AALTO
MID CAREER: EXPERIMENTATION

HOUSE OF CULTURE, HELSINKI,1950 SÄYNÄTSALO TOWN HALL 1952

 ALVAR AALTO
MATURE CAREER: MONUMENTALISM

FINLANDIA HALL,1971 AALTO THEATRE,ESSEN,GERMANY,1988

 ALVAR AALTO

Church of the Three Crosses, Aalto-Hochhaus

1958 1962
 ALVAR AALTO
PAIMIO CHAIR

ARMCHAIR 400

FURNITURE
CAREER

TEA CART STOOL E60

 ALVAR AALTO
AWARDS :
o Aalto achieved an international reputation through his more
than 200 buildings and projects, ranging from factories to
churches, a number of them built outside Finland.
o Royal Gold Medal for Architecture from the ROYAL INSTITUTE
OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS in 1957.
o Gold Medal from the AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS in
1963.
o In 1960 he received an honorary doctorate at the Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
o Aalto was featured in the 50 mk note in the last series of
the FINNISH MARKKA.
o In 1976, the year of his death, Aalto was commemorated on a
Finnish postage stamp.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART
CONCEPTS:

o The museum has been termed a "showplace for 20th-century Danish and
international art", as it showcases both domestic and international modern
art collections.

o It is described as "strikingly contemporary in both form and content“.

o The combination of strategically placed skylights and diffused lighting has

effectively "manipulated the Nordic light" in illuminating the galleries.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

The museum, rising against the hills like a ZIGGURAT with 65000 Sft built area.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

TOP VIEW

The grounds are near the edge of extensive parkland and woodlands, with a
backdrop of hills.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

GROUND FLOOR
PLAN
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

 KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

SECTION

o The basement below the structure fits the natural

ground profile and is used for a car park, a shop,
two lecture rooms, and a maintenance workshop.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

SECTION

o The roof is set above the central hall

which rises in the form of a pyramid,
providing a skylight in the form of a
crown-shaped lantern.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

SECTION

The "two-sided, elongated skylights" control the sunlight on

the southern side to a restricted angle of 56 degrees
whereas it is fully open at a 90-degree angle on its northern
side. The ceiling has suspended lights with double parabolic
reflecting surfaces, avoiding any shadows.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

CAFÉ LAIBRARY
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

EXIBITION SPACES
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

EXIBITION SPACES
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

STAIRS
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART
OPEN GALLERY

The surrounding outdoor areas include a well-tended sculpture park, an Amphitheatre and a
terrace.
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART

AMPHITHEATRE
KUNSTEN MUSEUM OF MODERN ART
MATERIALS :

o The building has been designed in response to

its natural context.
o The external facade is made of marble, glass,
beech wood, and copper sheeting.
o Most of the interior floor space and pavement
are of Carrara marble.
o The light colours of the materials have been
chosen to enhance the appearance of the art
works.
TAK