Aditya Yusta Kalpika Gilang Nugraha Martono

Adverb Clause

3N OF GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING
2010
 AN ADVERB CLAUSE IS

a subordinate clause used to a verb,

adjective, or adverb in the main clause.

introduced by a subordinating conjunction.

tells when, where, why, how, to what

extent, or how much about the word it
modifies.
 I saw the movie yesterday.
I saw the movie on Friday.
I saw the movie before I left for Paris.

IN THE 1ST SENTENCE, "YESTERDAY" IS A ONE-WORD ADVERB.

IN THE 2ND SENTENCE, "ON FRIDAY" IS AN ADVERB PHRASE.

AND IN THE 3RD SENTENCE, "BEFORE I LEFT FOR PARIS" IS A ADVERB

CLAUSE.

ALL OF THEM ANSWER THE QUESTION "WHEN?", BUT THE ADVERB

CLAUSE HAS A SUBJECT ("I") AND A FULL VERB ("LEFT"). IT IS
INTRODUCED BY "BEFORE", SO IT IS A DEPENDENT CLAUSE. THIS MEANS
THAT IT CANNOT STAND ALONE: "BEFORE I LEFT FOR PARIS" WOULD
NOT BE A FULL SENTENCE. IT NEEDS A MAIN CLAUSE I SAW THE MOVIE
 Independent clause Dependent adverb clause

They left the locker room (...) after they left the
locker room (...)

THE FIRST EXAMPLE CAN EASILY STAND ALONE AS A

SENTENCE, BUT THE SECOND CANNOT -- THE READER WILL
ASK WHAT HAPPENED "AFTER THEY LEFT THE LOCKER
ROOM".
 WHAT IS AN ADVERB CLAUSE

An adverb clause, is a dependent

clause which takes the place of an
adverb in another clause or phrase. A
dependent adverb clause can never
stand alone as a complete sentence.
WHEN AN ADVERB CLAUSE BEGINS THE SENTENCE USE
A COMMA TO SEPARATE THE TWO CLAUSES.

EXAMPLE : AS SOON AS HE ARRIVES, WE WILL HAVE

SOME LUNCH.

WHEN THE ADVERB CLAUSE FINISHES THE SENTENCE

THERE IS NO NEED FOR A COMMA.

EXAMPLE : HE GAVE ME A CALL WHEN HE ARRIVED IN

TOWN
 Types of adverb clause

1. Clause of Time
2. Clause of Place
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
4. Clause of Manner
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
7. Clause of Condition
 Clause of time

These clauses are used to say when something happens

by referring to a period of time or to another event.
They are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions
when, as soon as, while, before, until, no sooner, after,
since, etc.
EXAMPLE

•Shut the door before you go out.

•You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
•While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
•By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
•No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
 Clause of
Place

These clauses are used to talk about the location

or position of something.
They are usually introduced by the subordinating
conjunctions where, wherever, anywhere,
everywhere, etc.
EXAMPLE

•They sat down wherever they could find empty seats

•The guard stood where he was positioned.
•Where there is a will, there is a way.
•Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and
unrest.
 CLAUSE OF CONTRAST
(OR CONCESSION)

These clauses are used to make two statements, one

of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem
surprising.
They are usually introduced by the subordinating
conjunctions although, though, even though, whereas,
even if, in spite of, as the time, etc.
Example

• As the time you were sleeping, we were

working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to
go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever
student.
 Clause of
Manner

These clauses are used to talk

about someone's behaviour or the
way something is done. They are
usually introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions as,
how, like, in that, the way, etc.
 Example

He did as I told him.

You may finish it how you like.
They may beat us again, like they
did in 1978.
 Clause of Purpose and
Result

These clauses are used to indicate the

purpose of an action and the result of
something.
They are usually introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions (in order) that,
so that, in the hope that, to the end that,
lest, in case, etc.
 Example

• They went to the movie early (in order) to find

the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn
English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a
long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I
can finish this book soon.
 CLAUSE OF CAUSE
AND EFFECT

These clauses explain the

reasonsfor what happens in the main
clause.
 They are usually introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions because,
since, as long as, as, inasmuch as,
due to the fact that, etc.
 Example

Because of the cold weather, we

stayed home.
Since he's not interested in classical
music, he decided not to go to the
concert.
I didn't call her because I'm shy.
 Clause of Condition

These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and

its consequences. They are usually introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions if, even if, unless, in the even that,
or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on
condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), etc.
 Example

•IfI see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.

•She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.

•Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to
cover such a loss.
•In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at
once.
•The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off
at once.
•We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all
the necessary information.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

As you can see from the examples above, most

adverb clauses can be recognized because they
are introduced by a particular word or phrase
(such as "when", "so that", etc.). These words and
.
phrases are called subordinating conjunctions,
and there are many of them

after,
after,before,
before,until,
until,while,
while,because,
because,since,
since,as,
as,so
sothat,
that,in
inorder
order
that,
that,if,
if,unless,
unless,whether,
whether,though,
though,although,
although,even
eventhough,
though,where
where
thanks