Philippine

Revolution
UNDER AGUINALDO’S LEADERSHIP
• The battle ground was
transferred from Manila to
Cavite.
• [April 15, 1897] General
Camilo Polavieja was relived in
his position.
• The two factions merged their
forces to become one in
Katipuneros
The Last Stand of Aguinaldo's Revolutionary
Government in Cavite
• [February 15, 1897] the spaniards reinforced in
most areas of Cavite.
• Aguinaldo’s group retreat to the mountains of
Laguna de Tayabas.
• [June 6, 1897] Mamerto Alejandrino Natividad
Jr., appointment to the Lieutenant General
position for Central Luzon.
• General Aguinaldo’s evacuation from Cavite to
Bulacan.
The Establishment of Biak na Bato
Government
• Aguinaldo established headquarters and later on he
established a Republic in Biak na Bato.
• Proclamation:
• Expulsion of the friars and the return of the friars to
the Filipinos
• Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes
• Freedom of the press and of religion
• Abolition of the government’s power to banish
Filipinos
• Equality for all before the law
• Conducted another election.
 Biak na Bato Government
• President - Emilio Aguinaldo

• Vice-President - Mariano Trias

• Secretary - Antonio Montenegro

• Treasurer - Baldomero Aguinaldo

• Asst. Treasurer - Emilio Riego de Dios

• Constitution was drafted
• Establishment of a Supreme Council - will
serve as the highest governing body of the
Republic
• Human Rights
• Freedom of Religion
• Freedom of the Press
• Right to Education
• Governor General Fernando Primo De Rivera
wanted peace talk and cease fire instead of an
attack.
• Pedro Paterno as their negotiator tried to
convince General Emilio Aguinaldo.
 The Pact of Biak na Bato
• General Emilio Aguinaldo finally
agreed to the pact.
• [December 14, 1897] officially drafted
the agreement between Governor
General Fernando Primo De Rivera
and General Emilio Aguinaldo.
• The pact was made into three
documents.
• General Emilio Aguinaldo stated condition in the
Pact of Biak na Bato.
• That I, and any of my associates who desired
to go with me, would be free to live in any
foreign country. Having fixed upon Hong Kong
as my place of residence.
• It was agreed that payment of the indemnity
of $800,000 (Mexican) should be made in
three installments.
• Namely, $400,000 when all the arms in Biak na
Bato were delivered to the Spanish authorities.
• $200,000 when the arms surrendered amounted to
eight hundred stands; the final payment to be made
when one thousand stands of arms shall have been
handed over to the authorities.
• And Te Deum sung in the Cathedral in Manila as
thanksgiving for the restoration of peace. The latter
part of February was fixed as the limit of time
wherein the surrender of arms should be
completed. (The Te Deum is an early Christian hymn
of praise)
• The whole of the money was to be paid to me
personally, leaving the disposal of the money to my
discretion and knowledge of the understanding with
my associated and other insurgents.
• The document was signed in the house of
Pablo Tecson.
• General Miguel Melvar and General Mamerto
Alejandrino Natividad Jr. disagreed to the
pact.
• Aguinaldo’s travel to Hong Kong for an exile.
• According to the study made by Ronald
Kenneth Bell on April 1974, General
Aguinaldo felt a loser but then their fellow
kabayan and some of Spaniards lined along
the road of Sual waving their hands to them.
Aguinaldo’s Message to
General Primo De Rivera
"Those who were the Filipino rebels, on
leaving the land of their birth, send their
farewell not without profound emotion and
with tears in their eyes, leaving in the hands
of Your Excellency the guardianship of their
homes and the protection of the soiled
where first they saw the light of day.
 All are confident that Spain, impelled by right
and justice, will grant reforms without bloodshed
or combat, since so much blood has already
stained the soil of Luzon-blood of heroes and
martyrs now brothers in peace. Those who today
offer themselves loyally to Spain recommended as
the paternal policy of Your Excellency a real
agreement between rights and liberty.

May God bless and keep this peace for the

honorable future of our beloved country, the
Philippines, and for the prosperity and grandeur of
the Spanish fatherland."
• [December 31, 1897] Uranus landed in
Hong Kong.
• The Philippines ceased for a while in
insurgence.
~ THE END ~