VOLCANIC HAZARDS

• Identify various potential volcanic hazards;

• Recognize the natural signs of an impending
volcanic eruption and other volcanic hazards;
• Analyze the effects of the different volcanic
hazards
VOLCANO
A vent , hill or mountain from which molten hot
rocks (magma) with gaseous material
have been ejected
VOLCANO
A crater, depression, hill or mountain formed by
the removal of pre-existing material or by
accumulation of ejected materials
VOLCANO vent

cone

conduit

magma chamber
Why does the Philippines have many volcanoes?

The Philippines sits on a unique tectonic setting ideal to

volcanism and earthquake activity. It is situated within
the boundaries of two tectonic plates – the Phil Sea
Plate and Eurasian Plate – both of which subduct or
dive beneath the archipelago along the deep trenches
along its east and west seaboard.
How and why do volcanoes erupt?
Pressure builds deep in the earth where the
magma is.

• EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS are the result of high levels of

gas and high viscosity (sticky) magma.

• EFFUSIVE (QUIET) ERUPTIONS are the result of low

amounts of gas and (or) low viscosity (runny) magma.
VOLCANIC HAZARDS
 Volcanic hazards accdg. to PHIVOLCS
Directly associated with eruption In-directly associated with eruption

• Lava flow • Lahar Flooding

• Tephra fall or Ashfall and
ballistic projectiles
• Pyroclastic Density Current
• Lateral Blast
• Volcanic gas
• Debris Avalanche, landslide
• Ground deformation
• Secondary explosion
• Secondary PDCs and
Ashfall
Lava Flow
Lava flows composed of
low silica magma have low
viscosities and tend to
flow at high speeds, while
those composed of high
silica magma have high
viscosities and tend to
move slowly.
Pyroclastic Density Current
How are PDCs produced?
Tephra fall
Also known as VESUVIAN ERUPTION
Volcanic Gas
How can you mitigate the effects of
primary volcanic hazards?

In what ways can you help people

affected by volcanic hazards?