Key Enablers for LTE

features
 In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define
the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
cellular technology
◦ Higher performance
◦ Backwards compatible
◦ Wide application

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 802.16m

802.16d/e

 LTE (3.9G) :
3GPP release 8~9
 LTE-Advanced :
3GPP release 10+

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 Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM)
 SC-FDE and SC-FDMA
 Channel Dependent Multi-user
Resource Scheduling
 Multiantenna Techniques
 IP-Based Flat Network Architecture
 LTE Network Architecture
 Advantages of OFDM
 Elegant solution to multipath interference
 Reduced computational complexity
 Graceful degradation of performance under
excess delay
 Exploitation of frequency diversity
 Enables efficient multi-access scheme
 Robust against narrowband interference
 Suitable for coherent
demodulation
 Facilitates use of MIMO
 Efficient support of broadcast
services
 SC-FDE and SC-FDMA

 ChannelDependent Multi-user
Resource Scheduling
 Transmit diversity
 Beamforming
 Spatial multiplexing
 Multi-user MIMO
 Serving Gateway (SGW):

 Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW):

 Mobility Management Entity (MME):

 Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF):

Wireless Fundamentals
 With shadowing, the empirical path loss formula
becomes

 The shadowing value χ is typically modelled

as a lognormal random variable, that is