Printing

Techniques
and Defects
Submitted By:
Meenal Gupta
Supriya Bag
Pooja Yadav
Vineet Kumar
Sumeet
The printing methods like screen, roller,
heat transfer is capable of printing one or
more print types each with its own unique
properties.
 Printing Techniques

Direct Print

●
Discharge Print

Resist Print

●
Pigment Print
 Direct Print

In this design is printed directly onto the

white cloth or over a previous dyed fabric.
printed design must be darker then the
dyed background.
It is most common print technique.
It is easy to recognize direct print through its
background color which is white and printed
design is a lighter shade.

The fabric is an over print if the background

color is the same shade on the face and back.
 Discharge Print

• It is a two step process

– Fabric pieces are dyed in a solid colour
– Fabric design is printed on the fabric
• Process
– Print paste contains a powerful bleaching agent that
destroys the colour of the background dye.
– Ex- White Polka Dots on Blue Background
It is also called as the white discharge.
The background colour had been originally piece
dyed therfore the colour is richer and has great depth.
Discharge print can be made with roller and screen
method but not by heat transfer printing.
It is not widely used method because production is
very costly compare to direct dye. 
Can be only used in high-priced lines.
 Resist Prints

Two step process

Printing pattern design on white fabric with
P chemical or wax like resins, resist the
R penetration of the dyes.
O .
C
E
S
S Piece dyeing of the fabric.

The result is dyed background with a white

patterened area.
It is not a popular method.

Used where background colour in the fabric

cannot be discharged.

This printing is performed as craft or hand

printing such as Batik.
 Pigment Prints

Pigment prints are Direct prints made with

Pigments. It is called Dry printing.
It can be distinguished from dye prints by
comparing the differences in fabric stiffness
between a design printed portion and a non
printed portion of the same fabric.
Pigment print area is slightly stiffer and a bit
thicker than the non print area.
Least costly type of print to produce because
Simpler to apply
Require least amount of processing because steaming and
washing are not required.

Pigments produce bright, rich color and may be

applied to all textile fiber.
Excellent fastness to light and dry cleaning.
Ex- used in drapery and curtain fabrics as well as for
apparel.
They lose color gradually and become more
faded with each succeeding laundering or dry-
cleaning.

These prints usually show a faded appearance

after 20-30 dry-cleaning.
 Printing Defects

Colour Drag- Colour of the print smears or smudges from

rubbing against an object before it becomes dry.

Colour Splatter-The print paste instead of being placed on

the fabric is thrown or splattered onto the fabric surface.

Fuzzy Pattern - The edges of patterns are not sharp, clear

lines, but are instead rather fuzzy lines. Most frequently
caused by improper singeing or improperly thickened print
paste.
 Off-register- Printing rolls or screens improperly aligned so
pattern parts do not meet properly. This imperfection is also
called out-of-fit or out-of-register.

Stop Mark- Colour streak across the fabric resulting from the

printing machine being stopped during the printing process and
then starting again.

Tender Spots- In printed fabrics, one or more colours of the

print may cause weakened areas where they were printed.
Usually due to excessive use of injurious chemicals in the print
paste. May also be found in the discharged area of discharge
prints.
Thank You!!!