UNIT TOPIC – Trigonometry

Lesson 1 – Six Trigonometric Ratios

 The Unit Circle
 Angles in Standard Position
 Trigonometric Ratios of Angles
 Solutions of Right Triangles
 Angle of Depression and Angle of Elevation
 Law of Sines and Cosines
 Solving Oblique Triangles
A circle with center at (0, 0) and radius 1 is called a
unit circle.
 The equation of this circle would be x  y  1
2 2

(0,1)

(-1,0) (1,0)

𝑆𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝒐𝒏 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒

(0,-1) , (0, −1)
1,0 , 0,1 , −1,0
Determine whether each point is in, on, or
outside the unit circle.
1 3
a. − , ON the unit circle
2 2
4 5 IN the unit circle
b. − ,−
9 9
12 5
c. ,− ON the unit circle
13 13
d. 1.1, −0.1 OUTSIDE the unit circle
Determine whether each point lies on, in, or
outside the unit circle.
3 1
1. − ,−
2 2
12 5
2. ,−
13 13
2 2
3. − ,−
2 2
1 2 2
4. − ,
3 3
1
5. ,1
2
Determine whether the given points
lies in, on or outside the circle.
1. 𝟎, 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
2. ,−
𝟒 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏𝟓
3. − ,
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐 𝟏
4. ,
𝟓 𝟓
5. 𝟏, 𝟏
 A C U T E
A N G L E

Angle which measures between 0o & 90o

 R I G H T
A N G L E

Angle which measures exactly 90o

 O B T U S E
A N G L E

Angle which measures between 90o & 180o

S T R A I G H T
A N G L E

Angle which measures exactly 180o

A D J A C E N T
A N G L E

2 angles that share a common vertex & side,

but have no common interior parts.
(they have the same vertex, but don’t overlap)
2
1
Ray: Starts at a point and extends indefinitely in one
direction.
Angle:
In geometry, an angle is formed by two rays with a
common endpoint.
In trigonometry, angles may be
interpreted as rotations of a
ray. Terminal Side

Initial Side
Vertex Initial Side
Draw the following angle measures.

Example: 𝟒𝟓°
1. 10°
𝟒𝟓° 2. 90°
3. 150°
4. 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
5. 225°
Positive Angle : The Negative Angle : The
angle formed from the angle formed from the
initial side to the initial side to the
terminal side rotating terminal side rotating
counter- clockwise. clockwise.

counter-clockwise rotation clockwise rotation

2.1.1
Positive Angle : The Negative Angle : The
angle formed from the angle formed from the
initial side to the initial side to the
terminal side rotating terminal side rotating
counter- clockwise. clockwise.

Draw the following angle measures.

1. −𝟒𝟓° 4. −𝟏𝟎𝟓°
2. −𝟐𝟓𝟎° 5. −𝟐𝟗𝟎°
3. −𝟏𝟐𝟓°

2.1.1
 Angles in Standard Position
Examples Not Examples

Can we consider each as angles in its standard

position?

No Yes No

How would you describe an angle in standard position?

 Angles in Standard Position
An angle is said to be in standard position if its
vertex is at the origin of cartesian coordinate
plane, and its initial side is along the positive
side of the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.
The rotation of angle  is measured in degrees.
y
Terminal
arm

Vertex Initial arm x
2.1.3
Seatwork 3
Determine whether the given angles is in its standard
position?

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.
Seatwork 3
Determine whether the given angles is in its standard
position?

6. 7. 8.

9. 10
.
 Quadrantal Angles
Examples Not Examples

𝑨 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒙 − 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
 Coterminal Angles

𝑪𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔.

B A D C

𝑨 and 𝑩 are coterminal angles but 𝑪 and 𝑫 are not.

 Coterminal Angles

𝑪𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔.
Determine the measure of the smallest positive angle
coterminal with the given angle.
42° + 360° = 𝟒𝟎𝟐°

𝟒𝟐°

𝟒𝟎𝟐°
 Coterminal Angles

𝑪𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔.
Determine the measure of the smallest positive angle
coterminal with the given angle.
108° + 360° =𝟒𝟔𝟖°
𝟏𝟎𝟖°

You can find an angle that is coterminal to a given angle by

adding or subtracting multiples of 360º.
 Coterminal Angles

𝑪𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔.
Determine the measure of the smallest positive angle
coterminal with the given angle.
−213° +360° = 𝟏𝟒𝟕°
𝟏𝟒𝟕°

−𝟐𝟏𝟑°
 Coterminal Angles

𝑪𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔.

You can find an angle that is coterminal to a given angle by

adding or subtracting multiples of 360º.

Example:
Find one positive and one negative angle that are
coterminal to 112º.
 Coterminal Angles
You can find an angle that is coterminal to a given angle by
adding or subtracting multiples of 360º.
Example:

Find one positive and one negative angle that are

coterminal to 112º.
• For a positive coterminal angle,add 360º:
112º + 360º = 472º
• For a negative coterminal angle,subtract 360º:
112º - 360º = -248º
 Reference Angles
The reference angle for a given angle is the
positive acute angle formed by the terminal
side of the given angle and the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

𝑨 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆,

𝑨
𝑹 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆,
𝑹
Remember:
1. Must be positive
2. Must be acute
Remember:
1. Must be positive
2. Must be acute
230°

230° – 180°
= 50°
 140°
180° – 140°
= 40°
1. 310 360° - 310° = 50°

2. 170 180° - 170 ° = 10°

3. 305 360° - 305° = 55°

4. 375 375° - 360° = 15°

5. 470 470° - 360 ° = 110°

180° - 110 ° = 70°
595 595° - 360° = 235°
235° - 180 ° = 55°
-275 -275° + 360°= 85°

-190
-190° + 360 °= 170°
180° - 170° = 10°
-112

-112° + 360°= 248°

248° - 180 ° = 68°