Depok, February 2018

Fasilitator:
Octria Adi Prasojo

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424
 Shared Rules?

SEDIMENTOLOGY
FEBRUARY 2018
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2018
EVALUATION

Bentuk Instrumen Frekuensi Bobot (%)

Field Work Report 2 15
Quiz 2 5
Presentation Openness, Eagerness
to participate, 3 15
responsibility
Assignment 2 15
UTS Soal Ujian Esay 1 25
UAS Soal Ujian Esay 1 25
Total 100

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OUTLINE

 Week 1 - Wentworth scale, sortation, grain size analysis

 Week 2 – Transportation medium, transportation current, Reynolds Number,
Hjulstrom Diagram, erosional transformation
 Week 3 - Sedimentary structure, classification and composition of sedimentary
rocks.
 Week 4 to 7 - Biochemical-biogenic-organic deposits
 Week 5 - Chemical Precipitates-Evaporates,
 Week 6 & 7 - Volcaniclastic sedimentation.
 Week 9 & 10 – Sedimentation related with Tectonic activity
 Week 11 – Palaeocurrent
 Week 12 - Application to extractive industry, volcanic eruption, geological
engineering.
 Week 13 to 15 – Sedimentary rocks and core description (learn how to measure
the outcrop and draw a log)

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OVERVIEW

 What kind of rocks had you describe in Cipamingkis

River?
 What is the geometry of this rock?
 How is it found there?
 How is the transport mechanism?

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 INTRODUCTION

Source: Jones, 2001, Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology, 3 rd Edition

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FEBRUARY 2018
6
2018
 INTRODUCTION

Source: Joseph, P., 2015, Sedimentology, IFP School Course Note

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FEBRUARY 2018
7
2018
 INTRODUCTION

Source: Joseph, P., 2015, Sedimentology, IFP School Course Note

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FEBRUARY 2018
8
2018
 INTRODUCTION

Source: Joseph, P., 2015, Sedimentology, IFP School Course Note

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INTRODUCTION

 Terrigenous Clastic material  derived

from pre-existing rocks, eroded from
bedrock and made up largely of silicate
minerals.
 The scale made based on the factors of
two because it reflects the natural
distribution of sedimentary particles
 Breccia made up of angular clast and
conglomerate composed of rounded
clast.
 Polymict and monomict
SEDIMENTOLOGY
FEBRUARY 2018
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 INTRODUCTION

Source: Joseph, P., 2015, Sedimentology, IFP School Course Note

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FEBRUARY 2018
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2018
 Wentworth Scale - Conglomerate

The shape of clasts can be considered in terms of four end

Nomenclature used for mixtures of gravel, sand members, equant, rod, disc and blade. Equant and disc-
and mud in sediments and sedimentary rocks shaped clasts are most common

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FEBRUARY 2018
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 Wentworth Scale – Sand and Sandstone
 Sand range between
0.063 mm to 2 mm.
 Most common
minerals are quartz,
feldspar, micas (biotite
& muscovite), heavy
minerals, and misc
minerals.
 Lithic fragments  the
breakdown of pre-
existing fine-medium
Pettijohn 1975 grain
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FEBRUARY 2018
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Wentworth Scale – Sand and Sandstone

Why does these beaches have different

color of sand?

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Wentworth Scale – Biogenic particles

 Small pieces of calcium carbonate found in sandstone

are commonly broken shells of molluscs and other
organisms that have calcareous hard parts.
 If the fragments make up over 50% of the bulk of the
rock it would be considered to be limestone.
 Wood, seeds and other parts of land plants may be
preserved in sandstone deposited in continental and
marine environments.

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Matrix

 Fine-grained material occurring between the sand grains

is referred to as matrix.
 In sands and sandstone the matrix is typically silt and
clay-sized material, and it may wholly or partly fill the
spaces between the grains.
 Matrix is different with cement.
 Cement is precipitated after deposition.

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Matrix

Fragment vs Matrix vs Cement

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Wentworth Scale – Clay, Silt, and Mudrock

 Only describe the color, CaCO3 content and the luster

 Analyze with scanning electron microscope and X-ray
diffraction
 Silt  feel “gritty” than clay between teeth
 When clay- and silt-sized particles are mixed in unknown
proportions as the main constituents in unconsolidated
sediment we would call this material mud.
 The term shale is sometimes applied to any mudrock (e.g.
by drilling engineers) but it is best to use this term only for
mudrocks that show a fissility, which is a strong tendency
to break in one direction, parallel to the bedding.
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Transport Mechanism – Next Week

Assignment submitted by next week

 What is the transport mechanism in sedimentation?

 How many kinds of transportation medium do you

know? Explain in details.
 How does the sediment clast move?

 How come it is being transported?

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FEBRUARY 2018
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 Terima Kasih
SEDIMENTOLOGY
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
PETROLOGI
FEBRUARY 2017
20
2017