KAJAL MISHRA

MSc.NUTRITION AND
DIETETICS
oROLL NO.
19/FAS/MSc(N&D)/042
 Hypertension is defined as sustained elevated
arterial blood pressure measured indirectly by an
inflatable cuff and pressure manometer-
sphygmomanometer.
 The SBP will be more than or equal of 140mmHg
and DBP will be more than or equal of 90mmHg.
 Hypertension can involve many organs and
system including the heart, endocrine glands,
kidney and central and autonomic nervous
system.
 Asian Countries:-
According to new criteria varies between 15-35%
in urban adult populations of Asia. In rural populations, the
prevalence is two to three times lower than in urban subjects.

 India:-
Prevalence for Hypertension in India is 29.8%.Significant
difference in hypertension prevalence were noted between rural
and urban parts 27.6% and 33.8%.

 NCR(National Capital Region):-

The prevalence of Hypertension
increased from 23% to 42.2% in urban and 11.2% to 28.9% in rural
NCR of Delhi.
 Blood pressure is a function of cardiac output
multiplied by the peripheral resistance. The
diameter of the blood vessel markedly
affects blood flow, when the diameter is
decreased, resistance and blood pressure
increases. Conversely, when the diameter is
increased, resistance decreases and blood
flow is lowered.
 Many systems maintain homeostatic control
of blood pressure. The major regulators are:-
 Systematic nervous system(for short term
control)
 The Kidney(for long term control)
 Severe Headache
 Fatigue or Confusion
 Vision problems
 Chest pain
 Difficulty breathing
 Irregular heartbeat
 Blood in the urine
 Pounding in your chest, neck or ears
 Dizziness
 Shortness of breath
 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG or ECG):-
A test that measures the electrical activity, rate
and rhythm of your heartbeat via electrodes
attached to your arms, legs and chest. The
results are recorded on graph paper.
 ECHOCARDIOGRAM:-
This is a test that uses ultrasound waves to
provide pictures of the heart’s valves and
chamber so the pumping action of the heart can
be studied and measurement of the chambers
and wall thickness of the heart can be made,
 The current nutritional therapy focuses on
weight management, sodium control and
general nutrient balance. Objectives of diet
therapy are:-
 To achieve a gradual weight loss in
overweight and obese individuals and
maintain their weight slightly below the
normal weight.
 To reduce the sodium intake.
 To maintain adequate nutrition.
The diet for hypertensive patient is essentially
a normal diet. The major modification is in
the salt or sodium content. As no salt is to be
used in cooking, the main aim in food
preparation is to make it palatable by the use
of alternate seasonings.
Some of the foods that are high in potassium
but low in sodium are potatoes, squashes,
banana, apricots and legumes which can be
included in the diet.
 Changing your lifestyle can go a long way
towards controlling high blood pressure. Your
doctor may recommend you make lifestyle
changes including:-
 Eating a heart-healthy diet with less salt.
 Getting regular physical activity.
 Maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight
if you're overweight or obese.
 Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink.
 Eat less salt.  Drink alcohol.
 Eat more fruits and  Live a sedentary
vegetables. lifestyle.
 Keep your weight  Sleep less.
healthy.