GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING

• Geographical Location
• Myths about the Islands
• Landmarks of the Islands
• Natural Resources
• Fauna and Flora
• Filipino People

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 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
 Archipelago located in Southeast Asia
 West of the Pacific Ocean
 North latitude and East latitude.
 7,107 islands and the largest is Luzon an area
of 143,395 sq km.
 Mindanao an area of 111,999 sq km.
 Manila Bay the finest harbors in the world
 Made by volcanic origin over 100 volcanoes.

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  Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, Samar, Palawan, Panay,
Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu and Bohol are the ten biggest
islands.
 The coastline is irregular and stretches for about 36,
289 km.
 The Philippine Deep, one of the deepest sea trenches
in the world.

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 FACTS AND FIGURES
 Area: 300,000 sq km
 Number of Provinces: 79
 Number of Barangays: 41,969
 Number of Regions: 17
 Number of Cities: 115
 Number of Municipalities: 1,499
 Capital: Manila
 Currency: Peso
 Highest Mountain: Mount Apo
 National Bird: Philippine Eagle
 National Fruit: Mango

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 ARCHIPELAGO NAME
 A Chinese trader (Sung Dynasty) referred the islands as
Ma-yi

 Chau Ju-Kua a trader called it Mai

 Ferdinand Magellan name the islands as Isla de San

Lazarus (Archipelago of San Lazarus)

 Philippines came from the word Filipinas given by

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in honor the King Philip II of Spain.

 Fr. Juan Delgado called Manila Pearl of the Orient

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  Pearl of the Orient Seas given by Dr. Jose P. Rizal

 Giovanni Batista Ramuso published Filipinas on the map in

Venice in 1554

 Philippine Islands named by the American Period

 Philippines was named after the second world war

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 Administrative
Regions in the
Philippines

17 Administrative
Regions

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 CLIMATE
 Tropical climate has two seasons dry & wet.

 Southwest monsoon or habagat blown from June

to September.

 Northeast monsoon or amihan blown from

October through April.

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 MYTHS ABOUT THE ISLANDS
 Why does the Philippine have 7,000+ islands?
 The country’s origin was a belief of the Visayans and
Tagalogs that a legendary bird provoke a quarrel between
the sea and the sky.

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 LANDMARKS OF THE ISLANDS
 Mountain Ranges
Northern Luzon:
 Sierra Madre – largest and longest. Eastern coast begins near
Aparri through Isabela, Cagayan, and Aurora. Southern coast
include Aurora, Quezon, Rizal, Laguna, and Bulacan.

 Cordillera – extends from Ilocos Norte to Benguet and La

Union. Mt. Pulag, second highest peak. Banaue Rice Terraces
and Baguio.

 Caraballo – crosscuts the Sierra Madre and Cordilleras.

Central Plain in Luzon.

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  Southwestern coast of Luzon.
 Zambales Mountain – shores of Western Pangasinan to
Bataan and Bulacan.

 Southeast Luzon.
 Bicol Peninsula.

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  Visayas
 Mountain ranges found across major islands except
Samar and Bohol.

 Mindanao
 Diwata – Valley of Agusan.
 Tago-Apo – Balatukan Mts. Mt. Apo, Davao Del Sur
 Kalatungan-Kitanglad – Lanao Provinces.
 Daguma – South of Cotobato. West of General Santos.

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  Volcanoes
 50 volcanoes. 22 are active.
 Iraya: Batanes
 Pinatubo: Zambales
 Taal: Batangas
 Banahaw: Quezon
 Mayon: Albay
 Bulusan: Sorsogon
 Kanlaon: Negros
 Hibok-Hibok: Camiguin
 Makaturing: Lanao
 Apo: Davao del Sur

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 Historical Sites and Landmarks

 Malacañan Palace: Manila

 Banaue Rice Terraces: Ifugao
 Mcarthur Landing Memorial National Park: Leyte
 Taal Lake and Taal Volcano: Batangas
 Luneta and Intramuros: Manila
 Mayon Volcano: Albay
 Aguinaldo Shrine: Cavite
 Barasoain Church, Bulacan
 Chocolate Hills: Bohol
 Benigno Aquino Monument: Makati

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 Historical Sites and Landmarks

 Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park:

Palawan
 Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: Sulu Sea
 Calle Crisologo: Vigan
 EDSA Shrine: Ortigas
 Zapote Bridge: Las Piñas
 Boracay: Aklan

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 NATURAL RESOURCES
 The Philippine is rich in natural resources. It has fertile, arable
lands, diverse flora and fauna, extensive coastline and rich
mineral deposits.
 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Bill in 1992
now called the R.A. 7586 issued by the Department of
Environment and National Resources premised on the concept
of the involvement of local communities in biodiversity
conservation and habitat management.

 Lands
 Forests
 Minerals
 Water

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 Land Resources
 Primary source of livelihood is the fertile land.
 Rich, wide plains suitable for farming are found in Cagayan
Valley, Central Luzon, South western Bicol, Panay, Negros,
Davao, Cotobato, Agusan and Bukidnon.
 The six major crops
 Rice
 Corn
 Sugarcane
 Coconut
 Abaca
 Tobacco

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 Forest Resources
 Boasts of wide tracts of lush, green forests.
 Gum resins and lumber can be obtained from the vast
forests.
 Narra, proclaimed as the national tree.
 Mangroves are among the significant ecosystems that
characterize the coastal areas of archipelago.

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 Mineral Resources
 Nickel ranks first in terms of deposits and size. Found
in Surigao del Norte, Davao, Palawan, Romblon and
Samar.
 Iron found in Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Camarines
Norte and Cotobato.
 Copper in Zambales, Batangas, Mindoro, Panay and
Negros.

 Non-metal deposits: abundance in cement, lime and

marble. Asbestos, clay, guano, asphalt, feldspar, sulfur,
talc, silicon, and phosphate.

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 Water and Fishery Resources
 Generating power for the Nation’s growth
 3 largest rivers: Cagayan River, Rio Grande de Mindanao,
and Agusan River.
 Palawan underground river, most popular.
 Laguna de Bay, Taal lake, Sampaloc in Laguna, Buhi and
Bulusan in Bicol, Naujan in Mindoro Oriental, and Lanao
and Mainit in Mindanao.
 Maria Christina Falls in west lanao and Pagsanjan falls in
Laguna.
 Best salt water fishing area: Sitangki island in Sulu, Estancia
in Bohol, Malampaya in Palawan, Lingayen Gulf in
Pangasinan, San Miguel lake in Camarines Norte.

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 FAUNA AND FLORA

Fauna - animals
 201 species of mammals: 179 are terrestrial and 22
are marine.
 Philippine Carabao – important working animal.
 Deer, wild and domesticated pigs, cattle, rodents,
reptiles, birds, and mollusks.
 Unique animals: Tamaraw of Mindoro (Bubalus
Mindorensis), Tarsier of Bohol, Calamian deer of
Palawan (Cervus Calamianensis).

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  25, 000 species of insects.
 Giant Moth – (Attacus Atlas) largest insect with a
wingspan of one foot.
 Largest and smallest bats are found in Olongapo,
Zambales at the Subic bay Forest Reserve. Golden-
crowned fying fox and the bamboo bats.
 Philippine eagle – (Pithecopaga Jefferyi) world’s 2nd
largest eagle found in the jungles of Luzon and
Mindanao. “King of Philippine Birds” and “Monkey-
eating eagle”.
 Other birds: kalaw “clock of the mountains”, katala or
the Philippine cockatoo and the tiny Philippine
falconet.
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  Glory of the Sea (Connus Gloriamaris) – world’s rarest
shell.
 Tridacna Gigas – World’s largest shell.
 Pisidum – world’s smallest shell.
 In 1995, 2, 140 species of Philippine fishes.
 Bangus (milkfish), Dalag (mudfish), Dilis (anchovy),
Lapulapu (seabass), Galunggong (round scad), Tanguingi
(mackarel), Tamban (indian sardines), Bariles (tuna).

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  Extinct freshwater species.
 Tawilis – freshwater sardines found in Taal lake.
 Sinarapan – smallest commercial fish found in lake Buhi
and Lake Bato, Camarines Sur.
 Tabios – world’s smallest vertebrate, dwelling in Navotas
and Malabon rivers.

 Whale shark – world’s largest fish, sighted in

Mariveles, Manila Bay.

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 Flora – plant life.
 10,000 species of flowering plants and ferns.
 Sampaguita, gardenia, dama de noche, water lilies,
orchids. Waling-waling “Queen of the Philippine
Orchids”

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 THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

Origin of the Filipino people.

 Legendary: Malakas at Maganda.

 Scientific: mixture of the Pygmies, Indonesians, and

Malays.

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  The Pygmies/Negritos
 1st people from asia to settle in our land.
 Negritos “little black people” –Spaniards
 Smallest people on earth.
 Primitive.
 The Indonesians
 Mongolian race
 Tallest people to settle in our land.
 Advanced culture.
 Kaingin method, hunters and fishermen.
 The Malays
 Maritime people. More advanced culture.
 Brought political ideas, social customs, religious beliefs,
art and sciences, industries and folklores.

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  Cebuanos Mountain People
 Ilonggos  Isnegs of Apayao
 Waray-waray  Kalingas of Kalinga
 Tagalogs  Ifugaos
 Ilocanos  Igorots
 Pangasinenses  Ibalois
 Pampagueños  Kankanays
 Zambals  Bontoks of Benguet
 Ibanags
 Bicolanos

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 Filipino Traits and Values
 Hospitality
 Close family ties
 Respect for the elders
 Sentimental
 Sense of togetherness
 Debt of gratitude
 Sense of shame

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