GOOD

MORNING

IMPENDING SIGNS OF
LANDSLIDES AND
SINKHOLES /
INTERPRETING
GEOHAZARD MAPS
PREPARED BY:
MARC ANTHONY R. SIBBALUCA
OBJECTIVES
1. Explain in his/her own words the definition
of a sinkholes;
2. Explain in her/her own words the different
types of sinkholes; and
3. Explain the causes of sinkholes.
4. Recognize common signs of an impending
landslide and sinkhole; and
5. Explain the mechanism underlying each of
the common signs.
“DEFINITION OF TERMS”
FOR YOU, WHAT IS
SINKHOLE? DID YOU
ALREADY EXPERIENCE
THAT?
SINKHOLE
Sinkholes are depressions
or openings in the ground
surface. They are generally
formed as the result of a
collapse in the ceiling of an
underground cavity or cavern.
VIDEO CLIP:
Students will watch a
documentary video about
the cause of sinkholes.
After that, let them
discuss what does the
video talk about.
I. What are sinkholes?
II. In what type of geologic conditions
do sinkholes occur? What is Karst?
III. What are the different types of
sinkholes and what are the major
differences regarding the rate they
can occur.
IV. What are some man made causes
of sink holes?
DISSOLUTION SINKHOLES
It occur where
there is little soil
or vegetation
over the soluble
rock.
COVER-SUBSIDENCE
SINKHOLES

It tend to develop
gradually where the
covering sediments
are permeable and
contain sand.
COVER-COLLAPSE SINKHOLES

It tend to develop
abruptly and cause
catastrophic damages.
They occur where the
covering sediments
contain significant
amounts of clay.
 KARST TERRAIN
It is a type of topography that
is formed by dissolution of bedrock in
areas underlain by limestone,
dolostone or, as in some western
states, gypsum. Such terrain has
underground drainage systems that
are reflected on the surface as
sinkholes, springs, disappearing
streams or even caves.
READING ACTIVITY
1. Give learners 5 minutes to read the
following resource materials:
I. http://inspectapedia.com/vision/
Sink_hole_Detection.php
II. http://www.sinkhole.org/Common
Signs.php
LEGEND:
1. A- Unique to landslides
2. B- Unique to sinkholes
3. C- Identical signs in both
landslides and sinkholes
4. D- Similar signs in both
landslides and sinkholes with
differences noted in the
comments.
 SIGNS TO OBSERVE NOTE COMMENTS
Cracks in interior joints areas,
windows, and doors C

Cracks in exterior masonry

walls and plaster finishing C

Windows and doors become

harder to close properly C

Deep cracks and separation of

paved concrete walks and C
drives
 SIGNS TO OBSERVE NOTE COMMENTS

Outside walls, walks or stairs

being pulling away from the C
building
Water pipes break. C
Titled trees, posts and signs. In landslides, tilting is
toward downward
direction in
translational slides,
away downward
D direction in rotational
slide. For sinkhole,
tilting is toward the
center of the
depression.
 SIGNS TO OBSERVE NOTE COMMENTS
Circular patches of wilted
D
plants
Neighboors have had or
confirmed possible
B
sinkhole or landslide
activity
Observation of an actual
cavity beginning to open
A

Land movements and small

A
landslides
 SIGNS TO OBSERVE NOTE COMMENT
Water appearing at
base of slope or in
C
depression in the
ground
Sediments/minerals in
B
water
Tension cracks form in
A
slope
Bulging at the base/toe
A
of a slope
DEFINITION OF SINKHOLE
Direction: Ask learners to put away all resource
materials (closed notes), and answer the
following questions on one whole sheet of
paper
1. Explain in your own words what a sinkhole is.
2. Explain the different types three different
types of sinkholes.
3. Explain some of the causes of sinks holes.
4. Suggest some other causes of sinkholes not
discussed in the lecture materials.
 DEFINITION OF SINKHOLE
5. Enumerate three (3) warning signs that are
common and identical to both landslides and
sinkholes.
6. Give one example of a warning sign that is
unique to landslides, and explain the mechanism
underlying this warning sign (i.e . what geological
process during the occurrence of a landslide
leads to the warning sign).
7. Give one example of a warning sign that is
unique to sinkholes, and explain the mechanism
underlying this warning sign (i.e . what geological
process during the occurrence of a sinkhole
leads to the warning sign).
ASSIGNMENT:
On one oslo paper, kindly do
the following:
1. Have learners create a
poster to communicate the
warning signs for landslide or
sinkholes. Any art medium can
use (Color Pastel, Crayons,
Pencils, etc)
 ASSIGNMENT:
1. Do an internet search of recent or well-
documented landslides that have occurred in the
past.
2. Perform a do-it-yourself landslide experiment
as shown in the following videos:
I. Saferworldcomm (2013)
(https://youtu.be/6tSnA9I6uL4)
II. Luke Pajer (2014)
(https://youtu.be/mb4O7YDX7N8)
3. Perform the following a simulation-experiment
for a sinkhole. (Choose atleast 1 experiment)
THE END 
THANK
YOU 