Prepared by:

Juessel Mae M. Garcia, RN

Definition

Working time is the period of time that an

individual spends at paid occupational labor.
 It is a quantity that can be measured for an
individual or, in the aggregate, for a society.
 In the latter case, a 40-hour workweek would
imply that employed individuals within the
society, on average, worked 40 hours per week.
 For health personnel in 1)cities and municipalities
with a population of at least(one million
(1,000,000) or in (2)hospitals and clinics with a
bed capacity of at least one hundred (100), their
normal hours of work are eight (8) hours a day, for
five (5) days a week, exclusive of time for meals.
(Article 83, LCP).
Health personnel includes:

 Resident physicians
 Nurses
 Nutritionists
 Pharmacists
 Social worker
 Laboratory technicians
 Paramedical technicians
 Psychologists
 Midwives
 Attendants and all other hospital or clinic personnel.
Importance
 If the work week is too short compared to that
society's ideal, then the society suffers
from underemployment of labor and human
capital.
 All else being equal, this will tend to result in
lower real incomes and a lower standard of
living than what could be had with a longer work
week in the same society.
Importance
 A work week that is too long will result in earning
more money at the cost of stress-related health
problems as well as a “drought of leisure”.
 Furthermore, children are likely to receive less
attention from busy parents, and childrearing is
likely to be subjectively worse. The exact ways
that long workweeks affect culture, public health,
and education are debated.
 The theory is that less work hours per
worker will create a demand for more
workers, and give those that are already
hired more leisure time.
Decrease in staff working hours
 Many people think that the increased use
of ICT has caused a reduction in the number of
hours employees are required to work.
 This is because ICT has allowed people to work
from the distance regardless of their location (via
the internet).
Decrease in staff working hours
 As a result, this leads to a decrease into the time
spent in an office or away from the family.
 Nowadays this has changed and people split their
time from the main office.
Decrease in staff working hours
 An increase in number of people working part-
time is also more evident as people realize that the
internet allow people to work from their home and
therefore allowing them to spend the desired time
with the family, resulting in shorter work hours for
the staff.
9-to-5
 9-to-5 is a phrase used to describe a conventional
and possibly tedious job.
 Negatively used, it connotes a tedious or
unremarkable occupation, the idea being that,
because the job is so boring, the workplace shuts
down outside of required hours.
9-to-5
 The phrase also indicates that a person is
an employee, usually in a large company, rather
than self-employed.
 More neutrally, it connotes a job with stable hours
and low career risk, but still a position
of subordinate employment
Days of the Workweek
 The structure of the work week varies considerably for
different professions and cultures.
 Among salaried workers in the western world, the
work week often consists of Monday through Friday or
Saturday with the weekend set aside as a time of
personal work and leisure.
Days of the Workweek
 Several of the Muslim countries have a standard
Sunday through Thursday or Saturday through
Wednesday workweek leaving Friday for religious
observance, and providing breaks for the daily
prayer times.
Overtime…
 Overtime work by health personnel is, as a rule,
not allowed since it involves strenuous physical
work considering the number of patients or clients
they must attend to.
Overtime…
 However, they may be compelled to work beyond such
hours where the exigencies of the service require that they
work for six (6) days or forty-eight (48) hours. But the
employer is required to pay an additional compensation of
at least thirty percent (30%) of their regular wage for work
on the sixth day.
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 When an employee spends additional time for

work, he puts in more physical and mental effort.
It is but proper that he be compensated for that.
 He is also delayed in going home and cannot
spend time with family and enjoy the comforts of
his home.
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 As such, the law discourages employers to require

employees to work overtime.
 Generally, he cannot compel the employee to render
overtime, except in certain instances (Sec 10, Rule I, Bk.
III, IRR) to with:
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 1) When the country is at war or when any other

national or local emergency has been declared by
the National Assembly or the Chief Executive.
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 2) When overtime work is necessary to prevent loss of life

or property, or in case of imminent danger to public safety
due to actual or impending emergency in the locality
caused by serious accident, fire, floods, typhoons,
earthquake, epidemic or other disaster or calamities.
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 3) When there is urgent work to be performed on

machineries, installations, or equipment, in order
to avoid serious loss or damage to the employer or
some other causes of similar nature.
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 4) When the work is necessary to prevent

loss or damage to perishable goods.
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 5) When the completion or continuation of

work started before the 8th hour is
necessary to prevent serious obstruction or
prejudice to the business or operations of
the employer.
Can an employee be compelled to render overtime?

 6) When overtime work is necessary to

avail of favorable weather or environmental
conditions where performance or quality of
work is dependent thereon.
Can an employee insist on working
overtime?
 The employee cannot compel his employer to
allow him to work overtime when the
circumstances does not require him to do so as
when there is actually no work to be performed.
Under time cannot be offset by
overtime
 Under time work on any particular day shall not
be offset by overtime work on any other day
(Article 88, LCP).
 The reason behind this is fairness.
Under time cannot be offset by
overtime
 Non-payment of overtime pay is not only illegal
but also contrary to public policy.
 The employer cannot use the overtime to offset the
under time because payment of overtime pay is
mandatory.
Day Nicknames and Expressions
 Among salaried workers in the western world,
Monday through Friday structure of the work
week has led to the coining of phrases reflecting
shared states of mind or moods among workers as
they traverse the week.
Day Nicknames and Expressions

‘Blue Monday’
 To be blue is to be sad. Many people feel sad
returning to work after a weekend of rest -- and
that's the meaning behind blue Monday.
 “The weekend's over,” Felix sighed, “and here it is,
blue Monday, time to get back to the routine of
work.”
Day Nicknames and Expressions

‘Hump day’

 A synonym for Wednesday.

 The idiom is based on the notion that if a worker has
made it half-way through the week, struggling uphill
from Monday, that the rest of the week is an easier slide
toward Friday and the weekend; the end is in sight from
the hump, the top of the hill.
Day Nicknames and Expressions
Day Nicknames and Expressions

‘TGIF’

 an acronym meaning "Thank God It's Friday" or "Thank

Goodness It's Friday" an expression of relief that the work
week is finally over and that even if the weekend is not full
of leisure, at least the drudgery of the workplace is
temporarily over.
Day Nicknames and Expressions

‘Pau Hana’
 is a Hawaiian phrase literally meaning
"finished work" but generally refers to the
practice of leaving work early on Friday to start
the weekend.
Day Nicknames and Expressions
POETS day
 is an acronym meaning "Piss Off Early Tomorrow's Saturday“, a
term for Fridays, used in industries where it is common practice
to finish work early at the end of the week. Variations on this are
“Punch Out Early Tomorrow's Saturday” , “Push Off Early
Tomorrow's Saturday” and “Push Off Early Tomorrow's Sunday”
(based on the old 6 day work week). Used in UK[8] and Australia
but appears less popular in the US.
Recent Trends
 Many modern workplaces are
experimenting with accommodating
changes in the workforce and the basic
structure of scheduled work.
Recent Trends
 Flextime allows office workers to shift their
working time away from rush-hour traffic;
for example, arriving at 10:00 am and
leaving at 6:00 pm.
Recent Trends
 Telecommuting permits employees to work
from their homes or in satellite locations
(not owned by the employer),eliminating or
reducing long commute times in heavily-
populated areas.
Recent Trends
 Zero-hour contracts establish work
contracts without minimum-hour
guarantees; workers are paid only for the
hours they work.
For Listening