Articulatory Phonetics

The vocal organs

Sistema respiratório & fonação

 Cordas separadas > sem vibração

 sons surdos > ex. [f]
 Cordas ajustadas > com vibração
 sons sonoros > ex. [v]

 voiced x unvoiced/ voiceless

 Try to say a long v sound [vvvvv]
 Compare with a long f sound [fffff]
 Say each of them alternately

 Observações
 sons formados do mesmo modo
 vibração em apenas um deles
 unvoiced/ voiceless voiced sounds
fat vat [f] [v]
thigh thy [θ] [ð]
Sue zoo [∫] [z]
sigh shy [s] [∫]
 The vocal tract

The principal parts of the upper surface The principal parts of the lower surface
of the vocal tract of the vocal tract
 Informações básicas
 Partes do trato vocal – oral (boca e faringe) e nasal (nariz)

 Articuladores – partes do trato vocal usadas na formação de sons

 superfície superior e inferior

 Principais partes da superfície superior

 Palato duro/ mole, lábio superior, dentes, “alveolar ridge”, úvula e faringe.

 Fechamento vélico – ação que separa o trato nasal do oral

 Principais partes da superfície inferior

 Lábio inferior e partes da língua

 Parte de maior mobilidade – língua

 Frente da língua
situa-se sob o palato duro quando a língua está imóvel.
 Resto da língua
divide-se em centro, parte de trás e raiz

 A epiglote fica próxima à raiz.

 Some passages
 Try to talk while breathing in instead of out. You will find that you can do it, but it is much
more inefficient than superimposing speech on an outgoing breath. (p. 1)

 To check this for yourself, say just the consonant at the beginning of each of these words
and try to feel and hear the voicing. (p. 3)

 Try to say the word “capital” and note the major movements of your tongue and lips. You
will find that the back of the tongue makes contact with the roof of the mouth for the first
sound and then comes down for the following vowel. The lips come together in the
formation of p and then come apart again in the vowel. The tongue tip comes up for the t
and again, for some people, for the final l. (p. 3)

 Say the word “peculiar” and try to give a rough description of the actions of the vocal
organs during the consonant sounds. You should find that the lips come together for the
first sound. Then the back and center of the tongue are raised. But is the contact on the
hard palate or on the velum? (For most people, it is centered between the two). Then note
the position in the formation of the l. Most people make this sound with the tip of the
tongue on the alveolar ridge. (p. 4/ 5)

 Now compare the words “true” and “tea”. In which word is the tongue contact further
forward in the mouth? Most people make contact with the tip or blade of the tongue on
the alveolar ridge when saying “tea”, but slightly farther back in “true”. (p. 5)
 Referências
LADEFOGED, Peter. A course in Phonetics. Los Angeles: ───