TRACTORS

TRACTOR
A tractor is an engineering
vehicle specifically designed to deliver
a high tractive effort (or torque) at
slow speeds, for the purposes of
hauling a trailer or machinery used
in agriculture or construction. .
 The word tractor is derived from two
words traction and motor. Tractor is a
machine which is used for traction
purpose.
Tractor engine is used as a prime
mover for active tools and stationary
farm operations through power take-
off shaft or belt pulley.
 1890 Tractor engine invented by George Harris of Chicago, and used the world first tractor

1906 First gasoline tractor developed by Charles Hart from IOWA

1915-19 History of tractor

PTO – Power take off was introduced in tractor

1920-24 All purpose tractor developed

1936-37 Diesel engine and pneumatic tyres were used for tractors

1950-60 Large scale manufacturing of diesel tractors

1937-41 Hydraulic system and three point linkage developed

1960-61 Tractor manufacturing started in India by first manufacturer M/s. Eicher Good Earth.

1962-70 Manufacturers like Tractor and Farm equipment, Hindustan tractors, Escorts tractors, and International harvesters started work during this period

1971 Escort tractor limited started producing Ford Tractor

1973 Manufacturing of HMT tractors started

1974 Pitti & Kirlosker tractors were started

1975 Harsha tractors were started

1981 Auto tractors were developed

1982 Universal tractors were established

1983-08 GTCL tractors, Bajaj, Mahindra, Swaraja, Hindustan, Sonalika, Johndeer, PTL, VST and many other companies started manufacturing tractor in India.
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRACTORS

BY TYPE OF BY THE
BY TYPE OF
DRIVE PURPOSE
CONSTRUCT
ION UTILITY
TRACTOR
RIDING TYPE TRACTORS
GARDEN
TRACTOR
WALKING TYPE
TRACTORS

ROTARY
WHEEL TYPE TILLER
TRACK TYPE

EARTH
HALF TRACK FULL TRACK MOVING
TRACTOR
TWO WHEEL

ORCHARD TYPE
TRACTOR
THREE WHEEL

ROW CROP
TRACTOR
FOUR WHEEL
Riding type tractors
 Tractors in which a driver
can sit and drive.

 e.g., General purpose

four wheel tractors
Walking type tractors
 Tractors with which the
operator walks along

 e.g., garden tractors, power

tillers.
 Half track type
 Tractor with regular wheels on the
front for steering, and caterpillar
tracks on the back to propel the
vehicle and carry most of the load.
 A selfpropelled vehicle that moves
on tracks.
 In this type of tractors, instead of
wheels; one track is fitted on either
side. This track gets drive from the
sprocket run by rear axle shaft. To
steer the tractor, there is not
steering gear fitted. The tractor is
steered by applying brakes to one
side of the track with the other
track moving. These are used for
bulldozing or land clearing work.
Full track type
Two wheel type
 These tractors are used
for small farms, hilly
area and gardening
purposes and are called
power tillers.
Three wheel type
 These tractors were very
popular 15 years back
but now its place has
been taken by four
wheel tractors. These
tractors had single or
dual wheel fitted at the
front end in the centre
and were considered
good for negotiable
shorter turns.
Four wheel type
 These are most commonly
used tractors in the
country. These are also
known as all purpose
tractors. On the basis of
available power, these
have been classified as
 Small tractors – 15 to 25
hp.
 Medium tractors – 25 to
45 hp.
 Large tractors – more than
45 hp.
Comparison b/w wheel type &track type
The tracks help the vehicle to distribute its weight more evenly over a
larger surface area than wheels can.
The main advantage of half-tracks over wheeled vehicles is that the
tracks reduce the vehicle's overall ground pressure and give it greater
mobility over soft terrain like mud and snow, while they do not
require the complex steering mechanisms of fully tracked vehicles,
relying instead on their front wheels to direct the vehicle, augmented
in some cases by track braking controlled by the steering wheel.
Utility tractor
 It is a specific purpose
field tractor and is
designed for
ploughing driving any
other equipment
through its P.T.O.
drive.
 It is not being
manufactured at
present in the country.
 Garden tractors
 These tractors are in the range  These are mostly used for
of 1 to 10 hp and are very small kitchen or vegetable gardens.
in construction.
Orchard type tractors
 These are special types of
tractors used in orchards.
These are made very high
in height so that driver
while sitting on the seat,
the operations on the
trees could be performed.
 No part of the tractor is
protruded outside so
that tractor can go easily
in between trees safely.
Earth moving tractors
 These tractors are
heavy in weight and
strongly built available
both is tract and tyre
type.
 These are used for
earth moving work on
dams, quarries and
other constructional
works.
Rotary tiller
 These are walking type of
tractors and are used in
small fields or on hills
where fields are very
small and are at different
levels where ordinary
tractors cannot work
efficiently. Tined blades
are fitted to the tillers to
prepare the seedbeds
quite effectively by
pulvlerizing the soil.
These are also used in
rice fields for puddling
and other operations.
Agriculture tractor implements
Row crop tractor