Professional Documents
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First Aid
First Aid
First Aid
FIRST
AID
BASIC FIRST AID
FIRST AID
an immediate &
temporary care given to
a person who suddenly
gets ill or injured
BASIC FIRST AID
CHARACTERISTICS of a
GOOD FIRST AIDER
Gentle – does not cause pain
Observant – notices all signs
Resourceful – makes the best of things at
hand
Tactful – not frighten the victim
Sympathetic – comforts & reassures the
victim
BASIC FIRST AID
2. Move to
the quietest
victim? SITUATIONS
3. Open
the airway
4. Check for
Breathing
PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Consciousness
Open the Airway
Check for Breathing
Check for Circulation
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
SECONDARY SURVEY
History Taking
SAMPLE PAIN
Checking for Vital Signs
a. Pulse Rate
b.Temperature
c. Respiration
d.Skin Color
Head to Toe Examination
Head & neck, eyes, chest,
abdomen, & back
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
PRIMARY SURVEY
PRIMARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Check for Consciousness
1. Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you
okay?” while carefully shaking the
victim’s shoulder.
2. When there is no response, not
even mumbles or groans, the victim
is unconscious & in need of
immediate medical help.
PRIMARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Open the Airway
1. The victim’s unconsciousness maybe
due to an obstruction in his/her airway
SECONDARY SURVEY
SECONDARY SURVEY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
History Taking when giving First Aid
DRESSING
A piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent
infection and/or to stop bleeding
COLD COMPRESS
Used to reduce swelling & relieve pain especially for
sprains & strains
BANDAGES
Used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds
& burns; and providing support for immobilization for
broken bones
DRESSING & BANDAGES
WOUNDS
PUNCTURE
Piercing wound caused by nails, needles & other pointed objects
ABRASION
Caused by rubbing or scraping against a rough surface
LACERATION
Blunt break or tearing of tissues
INCISION
Cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object
AVULSION
Forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues
CARRYING
and
TRANSPORTING
DRESSING & BANDAGES
Factors to consider:
- Weight & height of victim
- Status of victim (conscious or unconscious)
- Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or wide)
- Special need considerations (injuries of the victim)
DRESSING & BANDAGES
ONE-MAN CARRY
Fireman’s Carry
Easiest way to transport a light & smaller victim
Piggy Back
When the victim is conscious
Pack Strap Carry
When the victim is smaller than the first aider
Shoulder Drag
Used when the floor is smooth, short distance transport
Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl
Used when first aider & victim must crawl under a low structure
Blanket Drag
Used when victim is seriously injured & can’t be lifted
DRESSING & BANDAGES
TWO-MAN CARRY
Chair or Seat Carry
When there are two first aiders & a chair is available
FRACTURE DISLOCATION
A break or crack in a Is a partial or complete
bone displacement of the bone
An open fracture
pierces the skin surface
A closed fracture when
the skin is intact
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FRACTURE DISLOCATION
FIRST AID FIRST AID
1. Check vital signs 1. Call for help
2. Do not move injured immediately
part 2. Splint the affected part
3. Stop bleeding if there 3. Do not try to move a
is any dislocated part or force
4. If you have to move the it back into place
person, immobilized 4. Apply ice on the injured
the broken part with part to reduce swelling
splinting
5. Seek medical help
immediately
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
SPRAIN STRAIN
Is an injury of the Is an injury to the
ligament of a bone due muscles which is a
to accidental tearing or result of improper use
overstretching of the muscles
FIRST AID
1. Rest injured part
2. Apply Ice
3. Compress the injured
part
4. Elevate the injured part
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRST AID
SEVERE BURNS BURNS
1. Help the person to lie down and prevent the burnt
area from coming into contact with the ground. Douse
the burn with plenty of cold liquid
2. Seek for medical assistance. Do not delay medical help
3. Wear disposable gloves and gently remove any rings,
watches, belts, shoes, or smouldering clothing
before the tissues begin to swell
4. Carefully remove any burnt clothing, unless it is
sticking on the skin. Cover the burnt area with non-
adhesive dressing or bandage
5. Continue to monitor vital signs
6. Reassure casualty and treat for shock.
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRST AID
1. Move the person immediately to a
HEAT STROKE cool place
2. Remove as much of his outer clothing
Is caused by a as possible
failure of the 3. Call for medical help
“thermostat” in the 4. Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet
brain to regulate and keep the sheet wet until his
body temperature. temperature drops to 38 °C or 37.5°C
When this happens, under the tongue and armpit,
respectively
the body becomes
5. If the person has returned to normal
seriously heated temperature, replace wet sheet with
dry one
6. Monitor vital signs until help arrives
7. If temperature rises, repeat the
cooling process
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FIRST AID
STROKE 1. If the person is conscious, help him to
lie down with his head and shoulders
Is a condition in
slightly raised and supported
which the
2. Incline his head to the affected side
blood supply to
and place a towel on his shoulder to
a part of the absorb any dribbling
brain is 3. Call for help
suddenly and 4. Loosen any tight clothing
seriously 5. Monitor vital signs and reassure the
impaired by a victim
blood clot or 6. If the victim is unconscious, give
ruptured blood rescue breathing and chest
vessel compression
7. Call for an ambulance or call for help
and now for our
QUIZ..
Prepare
½ crosswise
For #s 1-10.
MULTIPLE
CHOICE.
1. It is an immediate &
temporary care given to a
person who suddenly gets
ill or injured.
A. Creative C. Gentle
B. Tactful D. Resourceful
3. Which is a DO in giving
first aid?
A. 37.5°C C. 37°C
B. 36°C D. 38°C
7. What is the ideal pulse
rate for adult at rest?
A. 15-25breaths C. 10-15breaths
B. 20-30breaths D. 12-20breaths
9. It is a piece of sterile cloth
that covers a wound to prevent
infection.
A. Dressing C. Compress
B. Bandages D. Splint
10. A triangular cloth used
to apply pressure to
control bleeding.
A. Dressing C. Compress
B. Bandages D. Splint
For #s 11-20.
TRUE or
FALSE.
Write T if the statement
is TRUE and F if not.
11. First aid acts as a
bridge that fills the gap
between the victim &
physician
T or F
12. Hot compress is used
to reduce swelling and
relieve pain.
T or F
13. First aid’s role is to
compete with or take
place the services of the
physician
T or F
14. Signs are what an
observant see while
symptom is what the
person feels.
T or F
15. The objectives of first
aid are to save lives,
prolong life, alleviate
suffering, and prevent
further injuries.
T or F
16. A puncture wound is
caused by rubbing or
scraping against a rough
surface.
T or F
17. An incision wound is a
cut caused by knife,
broken glass or any sharp
object.
T or F
18. Blanket drag is done
by putting the victim on
the shoulders of the first
aider.
T or F
19. The weight and height
of the victim should be
considered in
transporting him/her.
T or F
20. Hammock carry is
done when there are three
or more first aiders to
transport the victim.
T or F
For #s 21-30.
IDENTIFY THE
INJURY/
FIRST AID.
21-24. For muscle and
bone injuries, what first
aid should be given?
RICE
R _____ injured part
Apply I _____
C ______ injured part
E ______ injured part
25. An injury caused by
failure of the “thermostat”
in the brain to regulate
body temperature.