4.

2 Equipments for Transportation

• Railway Wagons
• Dump Trucks / Trippers
• Flat-bed Trucks
• Mini Dumpers
• Loaders
• Conveyor Belts
• Bucket Conveyors
• Screw Conveyors
• Ropeways
 4.2 Equipments for Transportation
4.2.12 Railway wagon
l - transport large qty. of material
from one location to another when
hauling distance is long.
-In tunnel const., used to clear the
muck.
-Used in large scale cutting and
embankment construction.
-Major disadvantage is that
wagons can only be used to
transport material from one fixed
point to another(i.e fixed route)
-
-Uses: to transport all types of
const. material in bulk
volume, transporting road
metal and ballast material for
railway track const., clearing
debris in tunnel blasting
4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.13 Dump Trucks
l - hauling units that provide
transportation facility for
excavated material, aggregate,
const. equipment from place to
place.
-Capable of dumping load
automatically by lifting body with
help of hydraulic attachment
-D/T have relatively low hauling
costs due to their higher speed
-Found in different shapes and size
with capacity upto 120 ton, special
case upto 200 tons
-Important consideration for selection of D/T is its hauling time. A
complete cycle of D/T involves loading, hauling, dumping, returning,
spot to receive another load
-Uses: in all types of E/W construction especially mass hauling in
pavement construction, railways, airports,canals,w/s,building.
4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.14 Flat-bed Trucks
- either normal trucks with a flat
body str. Or flat trailer towed by
truck engine
-Having large body size capable of
transporting various types of load
-Can’t be used for E/W as they
can’t self empty
-Capacity ranges minimum 10 ton,
normal 24 tons
-Transport heavy loads(rebar,
structural steel, vessels, formwork)

-Low bed trailer sometimes used to transport heavy equipments

which can’t normally travel on paved road.
-Uses: transport const. materials like cement, rebar, pipes; larger
flat bed trucks transport const. equipments like excavator and bull
dozer.
 4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.15 Mini Dumpers
- small front end D/T with small
capacity(1m3) bowl in front
-Can unload content automatically
so handy to work within const. site
-Basically used to transport small
qty. of material to small
distance(1km -2km)
-Steering at rear axle with smaller
rear wheels compared to larger
front wheel to work good in
slippery condition

-Type : wheel mounted, track mounted and

some models have scooping and loading arm
attached in front
-Uses: versatile and handy machine to
transport any type of load like concrete,
cement, water tank, small equipment and tools
within site
 4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.16 Loader

- front end loader to load loose

earth into a truck or into bins of
crusher or mixers
-use to excavate soft soil and
transport to shortdistance(100m)

-
-Uses: in transporting material to
short distance at all const. site
although it is meant for loading
the materials
 4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.17 Conveyer Belts
- Fixed type of material transporting system used
especially when volume of material is large qty.
-Commonly used at sand and gravel quarries and
crushers
-Generally made of rubber belts running over
steel rollers supported over steel str.
-Can move materials horizontally or in inclined
plane or declining plane
-Belts can move at speed 2m/s and capacity may
be 2,000t/hour

-
-Uses: carry materials from one
location to another in gravel
screening plants and stone
crushers, removing muck from
tunnel excavation
 4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.18 Bucket Conveyer

- carry materials in bucket secured on rubber belts

or metal chains
-Can be vertical or inclined as per requirement
-3 types: belt bucket conveyor, chain bucket
conveyor and inclined bucket conveyor
-Bucket are either filled manually or they themselves
scoop material while passing lower part
-The bucket dumps material into a chute as they run
upper sprocket

-Uses: transport material from one location to

another even in vertical direction unlike belt
conveyor, transport of fluid materials
 4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.19 Screw Conveyer
- also called “spiral conveyor” or “auger conveyor”
-Use rotating helical/spiral screw blade called “flighting” usually
enclosed in a tube or casing.
-Helical blade is coiled around a shaft which is driven from power
source

-Flexible, reliable and clean means of transferring materials

-Commonly used to handle cement, gravel, sand, concrete, wet clay.
-Major defect is it consumes higher power compared to conveyor belt

-Uses: transport material from one location to another even in vertical

direction unlike belt conveyor, transport of fluid materials.
 4.2 Equipments for Transportation cont.
4.2.20 Ropeways
-Used when materials to be transported is from fixed location to
a fixed location
-Ropeway buckets are loaded manually or by machine
-Used more often in quarrying operation