CAUSE AND EFFECT

CONJUCTIONS/SIGNAL PHRASE

FOLLOWED BY NOUN/NOUN PHRASE EXAMPLES

 Due to  Due to Bella’s nervousness, she
 Because of did not pass the driving test.

 Owing to  He’s always late because of his

gaming habits
 Thanks to
 As a result of the rain, we
 As a consequence of canceled the outing.
 As a result of  Dennis could not sing owing
to his sore throat
CONJUCTIONS/SIGNAL PHRASE

FOLLOWED BY CLAUSES EXAMPLES

Because  Because Bella was nervous,
she did not pass the driving test
Since
 He’s always late because he
As always stay up at night
For  The outing was canceled
since it’s raining
 Dennis could not sing for his
throat is sore
Let’s see difference!

 Due to Bella’s nervousness, she  Because Bella was nervous, she

did not pass the driving test. did not pass the driving test

 He’s always late because of his  He’s always late because he

gaming habits always stay up at night

 As a result of the rain, we  The outing was canceled since it’s

canceled the outing. raining

 Dennis could not sing owing  Dennis could not sing for his throat
to his sore throat is sore
 EXERCISE
TRUE OR FALSE?

1.She came late to her office this morning because she

got a little accident.
2.Due to the traffic was crowded, Bob missed the train.
3.Owing to Mandy’s sincerity, everyone loves her.
4.Many houses were broken as a result of the earthquake
is very danger.
5.Uncle Joe is fired as a consequence of his fatal mistakes.
6. Because her postgraduate study in London, Timothy
decided to move there next year.
7. As the government has announced the new petrol
price, some gas stations follow this regulation.
8. For I cannot do all the test items on time, I fail to get a
perfect score.
9. My father is invited to present his brilliant thought in the
conference since his expertise.
10. We are not able to contact any of them because of
all volunteers temporarily live in the remote areas.
Identify the cause and effect in each pair of sentences.
Then combine the sentences with because or because of!

Example: The weather is bad. All flights are

delayed.
All flights are delayed because the weather
is bad.
All flights are delayed because of the bad
weather.
1.Edi is a heavy smoker. Edi has breathing problems.
2.Kadita feels homesick. Kadita moved to a new city.
3.Gunawan is lack of staple food. Gunawan has been
unemployed.
4.Setiawan has gained weight. Setiawan is going to eat
less.
5.The weather is cold. We stayed home.
Complete the sentences with
because/since/due to/for by using the
expressions in the box.
Complete the sentences with because/since/due
to/for by using the expressions in the right column.

1. I can’t print out the assignments ………  I have another appointment

2. She couldn’t complete the work ………  My computer isn’t working
3. I can’t meet you ………  Flooding on the road
4. We couldn’t get to his house ………  The strong wind
5. The boat couldn’t put to sea ………  Her ilness