Impedance Matching

𝑧𝑎 − 1 1 − 𝑦𝑎
Γ𝑎 = = 𝑦𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑎 + 𝑦𝑠
𝑧𝑎 + 1 1 + 𝑦𝑎

Match: Γ𝑎 = 0 or y𝑎 = 1
𝑦0 = 1 𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑎
𝑦𝑎 = 1 ± 𝑗𝑏
𝑦𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑎 + 𝑦𝑠 = 1 + 𝑗0
𝑦𝑠 = ∓𝑗𝑏

Drawback: Cannot match all impedances

ya  1  jb can be matched
 Realization of 𝑦𝑠

𝑦𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑎 + 𝑦𝑠

𝑦𝑠 ≡ 𝑦𝑠
𝑦0 = 1 𝑦𝑎

𝑦0𝑠
𝑙𝑠
𝑦0𝑠 𝑙𝑠

Stub
 Stub in real life

𝑦𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑎 + 𝑦𝑠

𝑦0 = 1 𝑦𝑎

𝑦0𝑠 𝑙𝑠

http://www.mscomputer.com/gi0aij/antenna.htm
 ystub   j1
ls  0.125

ya=1+j1

𝑦𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑎 + 𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏

𝑦𝑎

𝑙𝑠 arh@iitk.ac.in 4
ystub   j1 Open Circuit Stub

l𝑙s  0.=125
𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏

0.375𝜆

yA=1+j1

𝑦𝑖𝑛 = 𝑦𝑎 + 𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏

𝑦𝑎 zA=0.5-j0.5

𝑙𝑠 arh@iitk.ac.in 5
 Different Stub and
ystub   j1 Line Impedance

s  0=
𝑌l𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 .125 𝑌0
−𝑗1
𝑌0
𝑦′ = −𝑗1 yA=1+j1
𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 1
2𝑍0
𝑦 ′ 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 = −𝑗2

𝑙𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 = 0.073𝜆

Z0 𝑦𝑎

2Z0, b, ls arh@iitk.ac.in 6
Arbitrary Impedance Matching

Move along the feed line towards the

generator until we touch the unit
conductance circle yA
And then we can attach the shunt stub!

d
Z0,b,l
Stub

Feed Line
d=(0.5-0.412)+0.162
d=0.25

yA=0.5-j0.5
ystub   j1
ls  0.125
EE340: Transmission Lines arh@iitk.ac.in 8
Another Solution
d=(0.5-0.412)+0.337 ystub  j1
d=0.425 ls  0.25  0.125  0.375
Char Impedance
Feed line: 50W
Stub line: 50W

yA=0.5-j0.5

EE340: Transmission Lines arh@iitk.ac.in 9

 Single Stub Matching
• Two possible stub locations
• Two possible stub terminations (open/short)
• Two possible connections
– Series
• Use impedance chart
– Shunt
• Use admittance chart
• Disadvantage
– Need a movable stub
– May end in a mechanically awkward position
 Double Stub Matching
y  ys1  yL
Assumption:
All lines are lossless y  ys 2  yin
All lines have identical
characteristic impedance and
propagation constant
(Not necessarily true always) yL

d
For match : ′
𝑦𝑖𝑛
y  1 ls 2 ls1
Since 𝑦y𝑠2s 2 is purely imaginary
′in must be of the form (1  jb)
y𝑖𝑛
𝑦
 y

y  ys 2  yin y  ys1  yL

yL yL yin
d

ls 2 ls1
 Rotated Unit
Conductance
Circle
y 𝑑

y  ys 2  yin y  ys1  yL

yL yL yin
d

ls 2 ls1
 y

Forbidden
Region
𝑦𝑆1
y  ys 2  yin y  ys1  yL

yL yL 𝑦𝑆2 yin
d

ls 2 ls1
Double Stub Tuner

Demonstration