PRESIDENCY UNIVERISTY, BENGALURU

School of Engineering

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Microprocessors and Microcontroller Lab

CSE 254

IV Semester 2019-20
 MICROPROCESSOR

• A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) which

incorporates core functions of a computer’s central
processing unit (CPU).
• It is a programmable multipurpose silicon chip, clock
driven, register based, accepts binary data as input and
provides output after processing it as per the
instructions stored in the memory.
8086 Microprocessor features

• Single +5V power supply

• Clock speed range of 5-10MHz
• capable of executing about 0.33 MIPS (Millions instructions
per second)
• 8086 microprocessor is a 40 pin IC.
• It is 16-bit processor having 16-bit ALU, 16-bit registers,
internal data bus, and 16-bit external data bus resulting in
faster processing.
• It uses two stages of pipelining, i.e. Fetch Stage and Execute
Stage, which improves performance.
• Fetch stage can pre-fetch up to 6 bytes of instructions and
stores them in the queue.
• It has 256 interrupts.
8086 PIN DIAGRAM
8086 Architecture
Processor Manufacturers/Designers
• Intel
• AMD
• Qualcomm
• NVIDIA
• IBM
• Samsung
• Motorola
• Hewlett-Packard (hp)
• Dell
• Acer
• VIA
• Marvell
• Global Foundries
• Media Tek
Microprocessor Programming
• Microprocessor programming languages can typically be divided into
three main types:
o machine language
o assembly language
o high-level language
• Microprocessors are typically programmed using semi-English-
language statements (assembly language)
• An assembly language is a low-level programming language for
microprocessors and other programmable devices. It is not just a
single language, but rather a group of languages. An assembly language
implements a symbolic representation of the machine code needed to
program a given CPU architecture.
• Assembly language is also known as assembly code.
• An assembly language is the most basic programming language
available for any processor. With assembly language, a programmer
works only with operations that are implemented directly on the
physical CPU.
Assembler

• An assembler is a program that converts assembly language

into machine code. It takes the basic commands and
operations from assembly code and converts them into binary
code that can be recognized by a specific type of processor.

Assembler Examples:
• Flat Assembler (FASM)
• GNU Assembler (GAS)
• High Level Assembly (HLA)
• Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM)
• Netwide Assembler (NASM)
• Turbo Assembler (TASM)
• Open Watcom Assembler (WASM)
Microcontroller
Microprocessor vs Microcontroller

Microprocessor Microcontroller
CPU is stand alone, RAM, ROM, CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O & Timer all
I/O & Timer are separate are on the chip
Designer can decide amount of Fixed amount of On-Chip RAM,
RAM, ROM & I/O Ports ROM & I/O Ports

High Processing Power Low Processing Power

High Power Consumption Low Power Consumption

Typically 32 / 64 bit Typically 8 / 16 bit

General purpose Single purpose (Control Oriented)

Less Reliable Highly Reliable

Ex: 8085, 8086 Ex: 8031, 8051

Print “ HELLO WORLD” Message
.model small ;defines the memory model to be used for the ALP

.data ;data segment begins here

msg db 10d,13d,"Hello World$“ ;String Hello World gets stored in msg

.code ;code segment begins here

mov ax,@data ;moving base address of data to ax

mov ds,ax ;moving contents of ax into ds

;data section now gets initialized

lea dx,msg ;load the offset address of msg

mov ah,09h ;to display contents at dx

int 21h ;call the kernel

mov ah,4ch ;to terminate the program

int 21h ;call the kernel

End ;end of program

Steps to Execute Assembly Language programs
1) Install DOSBOX 0.74

2) Launch DOSBOX, By default it will be in Z drive <Z:\>

3) Change the drive to that, in which MASM is installed
mount c c:\
4) C:
5) C:\> cd masm
6) C:\:masm> Edit filename.asm
7) C:\:masm> Masm filename.asm;
8) C:\:masm> Link filename.obj;
9) C:\:masm> CV filename.exe
THANK YOU