SEED GERMINATION

Danniela Joy Orgen

 OBJECTIVES

01 TERMS
02 TYPES
03
PROCESS
04
CONDITION
What is seed germination ? What are the type of seed What are the process of What are the condition need
germination ? seed germination? for seed germination ?
01 SEED GERMINATION
What is seed germination?
SEED GERMINATION

Germination is a process by
which the embryo in the seed
becomes activated and begins to
grow into a new seedling.
 TYPES OF SEED

02 GERMINATION
What are the types of seed
germination?
 Epigeal
Germination
The hypocotyl elongates rapidly
and arches upwards pulling the
cotyledons which move above the
soil.
Example:
Bean, santol, cotton, papaya,
gourd, castor and onion.
EXAMPLE
Hypogeal
Germination
The epicotyl elongates and the
cotyledons remain below the
soil.
Example:
Pea, mango, maize, rice, gram
and groundnut have germination
of this kind.
EXAMPLE
Vivipary (Viviparous
Germination)
Vivipary is the phenomenon of
giving birth to young ones in
advanced stage of development.

Example:
In mangrove plants (e.g.,
Rhizophora, Sonneratia,
Heritiera)
 Vivipary (Viviparous
Germination)
The embryo of the seed (present
inside the fruit) continues growth
while the latter is attached to the
parent plant. Hypocotyl elongates
and pushes the radicle out of the
seed and the fruit. Growth continues
till the hypocotyl and radicle become
several centimetres long (more than
70 cm in Rhizophora). The seedling
becomes heavy.
 Vivipary (Viviparous
Germination)
As a result it breaks its connection
with the fruit and falls down in the
salt rich muddy water in such a
position that the plumule remains
outside the saltish water while the tip
of the radicle gets fixed in the mud.
This protects the plumule. The
radicle quickly forms new roots and
establishes the seeding as a new
plant.
EXAMPLE
CHANGES OR STEPS OCCURRING
IN SEED GERMINATION
What are the steps in seed germination ?
03
5 CHANGES OF STEPS OCCURRING IN SEED
GERMINATION

1 2 3 4 5

Imbibition Respiration Effect of Light on Mobilization of Development of

Seed Germination Reserves during Seed Embryo Axis into
Germination and Role Seedling
of Growth Regulators
The first step in the seed
germination is imbibition. The
absorption of water by the dry seed.
Imbibition results in swelling of the
seed as the cellular constituents get Imbibition
rehydrated. The swelling takes
place with a great force. It ruptures
the seed coats and enables the
radicle to come out in the form of
primary root.
Imbibition of water causes the
resumption of metabolic activity
in the rehydrated seed. Initially
their respiration may be
anaerobic (due to the energy Respiration
provided by glycolysis) but it
soon becomes aerobic as
oxygen begins entering the seed.
Plants vary greatly in response to
light with respect to seed
germination. The seeds which
respond to light for their Light on
germination are named as Seed
photoblastic. Three categories of Germination
photoblastic seeds are
recognized: Positive photoblastic,
negative photoblastic and non-
photoblastic.
Stored starch, protein or fats
need to be digested. These
cellular conversions take place Mobilization
by making use of energy of Reserves
provided by aerobic respiration
during Seed
Gibberellic acid promotes seed
Germination
germination and early seedling and Role of
growth. Assimilation of this food Growth
by the growing organ induces Regulators
growth and the seedling soon
assumes its ultimate shape
After the translocation of food
and its subsequent
assimilation, the cells of the Development
embryo in the growing regions of Embryo
become metabolically very Axis into
active. The cells grow in size Seedling
and begin divisions to form the
seedling.
 CONDITION NEED FOR

04 SEED GERMINATION
What are the condition need for
seed germination?
 WATER OR MOISTURE TEMPERATURE SUPPLY OF OXYGEN
The seeds absorb water The suitable temperature, The germination the
and swell up. This swelling of course, varies with the rate of respiration
is the earliest sign of seeds. Most of the seeds markedly increases.
germination. Seed coats usually show signs of So a constant
are softened and rupture germination when supply of oxygen
easily to make way for the temperature varies from becomes essential.
radicle and plumule to 25°C. to 30°C.
come out
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RESOURCES
http://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/germination-of-seed-types-condition-required-and-
other-details/2366

http://www.biologydiscussion.com/seed/germination/seed-germination-types-with-
diagram/15789

http://www.biologydiscussion.com/seed/germination/seed-germination-types-with-
diagram/15789